Loss of Earth's old, wise, and large animals.

IF 44.7 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Science Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI:10.1126/science.ado2705

R Keller Kopf, Sam Banks, Lauren J N Brent, Paul Humphries, Chris J Jolly, Phyllis C Lee, Osmar J Luiz, Dale Nimmo, Kirk O Winemiller

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Abstract

Earth's old animals are in decline. Despite this, emerging research is revealing the vital contributions of older individuals to cultural transmission, population dynamics, and ecosystem processes and services. Often the largest and most experienced, old individuals are most valued by humans and make important contributions to reproduction, information acquisition and cultural transmission, trophic dynamics, and resistance and resilience to natural and anthropogenic disturbance. These observations contrast with the senescence-focused paradigm of old age that has dominated the literature for more than a century yet are consistent with findings from behavioral ecology and life history theory. In this work, we review why the global loss of old individuals can be particularly detrimental to long-lived animals with indeterminate growth; those with increasing reproductive output with age; and those dependent on migration, sociality, and cultural transmission for survival. Longevity conservation is needed to protect the important ecological roles and ecosystem services provided by old animals.

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地球上古老、智慧和大型动物的消失。

地球上的老年动物正在减少。尽管如此，新的研究揭示了老年个体对文化传播、种群动态以及生态系统过程和服务的重要贡献。老年个体通常体型最大、经验最丰富，最受人类重视，在繁殖、信息获取和文化传播、营养动态以及抵御自然和人为干扰方面做出了重要贡献。这些观察结果与一个多世纪以来主导文献的以衰老为中心的老年范式形成了鲜明对比，但却与行为生态学和生命史理论的研究结果相一致。在此，我们回顾了为什么全球老年个体的丧失会对那些生长不稳定、生殖能力随年龄增长而增加、以及依赖迁徙、社会性和文化传播生存的长寿动物造成特别不利的影响。要保护老龄动物所提供的重要生态作用和生态系统服务，就需要保护长寿动物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Science 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

61.10

自引率

0.90%

发文量

审稿时长

2.1 months

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