Lars Behrendt, Uria Alcolombri, Jonathan E. Hunter, Steven Smriga, Tracy Mincer, Daniel P. Lowenstein, Yutaka Yawata, François J. Peaudecerf, Vicente I. Fernandez, Helen F. Fredricks, Henrik Almblad, Joe J. Harrison, Roman Stocker, Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy
Lipids comprise a significant fraction of sinking organic matter in the ocean and play a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Despite this, our understanding of the processes that control lipid degradation is limited. We combined nanolipidomics and imaging to study the bacterial degradation of diverse algal lipid droplets and found that bacteria isolated from marine particles exhibited distinct dietary preferences, ranging from selective to promiscuous degraders. Dietary preference was associated with a distinct set of lipid degradation genes rather than with taxonomic origin. Using synthetic communities composed of isolates with distinct dietary preferences, we showed that lipid degradation is modulated by microbial interactions. A particle export model incorporating these dynamics indicates that metabolic specialization and community dynamics may influence lipid transport efficiency in the ocean’s mesopelagic zone.
{"title":"Microbial dietary preference and interactions affect the export of lipids to the deep ocean","authors":"Lars Behrendt, Uria Alcolombri, Jonathan E. Hunter, Steven Smriga, Tracy Mincer, Daniel P. Lowenstein, Yutaka Yawata, François J. Peaudecerf, Vicente I. Fernandez, Helen F. Fredricks, Henrik Almblad, Joe J. Harrison, Roman Stocker, Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy","doi":"10.1126/science.aab2661","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aab2661","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Lipids comprise a significant fraction of sinking organic matter in the ocean and play a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Despite this, our understanding of the processes that control lipid degradation is limited. We combined nanolipidomics and imaging to study the bacterial degradation of diverse algal lipid droplets and found that bacteria isolated from marine particles exhibited distinct dietary preferences, ranging from selective to promiscuous degraders. Dietary preference was associated with a distinct set of lipid degradation genes rather than with taxonomic origin. Using synthetic communities composed of isolates with distinct dietary preferences, we showed that lipid degradation is modulated by microbial interactions. A particle export model incorporating these dynamics indicates that metabolic specialization and community dynamics may influence lipid transport efficiency in the ocean’s mesopelagic zone.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas H. Costello, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand
Conspiracy theory beliefs are notoriously persistent. Influential hypotheses propose that they fulfill important psychological needs, thus resisting counterevidence. Yet previous failures in correcting conspiracy beliefs may be due to counterevidence being insufficiently compelling and tailored. To evaluate this possibility, we leveraged developments in generative artificial intelligence and engaged 2190 conspiracy believers in personalized evidence-based dialogues with GPT-4 Turbo. The intervention reduced conspiracy belief by ~20%. The effect remained 2 months later, generalized across a wide range of conspiracy theories, and occurred even among participants with deeply entrenched beliefs. Although the dialogues focused on a single conspiracy, they nonetheless diminished belief in unrelated conspiracies and shifted conspiracy-related behavioral intentions. These findings suggest that many conspiracy theory believers can revise their views if presented with sufficiently compelling evidence.
{"title":"Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI","authors":"Thomas H. Costello, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand","doi":"10.1126/science.adq1814","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adq1814","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Conspiracy theory beliefs are notoriously persistent. Influential hypotheses propose that they fulfill important psychological needs, thus resisting counterevidence. Yet previous failures in correcting conspiracy beliefs may be due to counterevidence being insufficiently compelling and tailored. To evaluate this possibility, we leveraged developments in generative artificial intelligence and engaged 2190 conspiracy believers in personalized evidence-based dialogues with GPT-4 Turbo. The intervention reduced conspiracy belief by ~20%. The effect remained 2 months later, generalized across a wide range of conspiracy theories, and occurred even among participants with deeply entrenched beliefs. Although the dialogues focused on a single conspiracy, they nonetheless diminished belief in unrelated conspiracies and shifted conspiracy-related behavioral intentions. These findings suggest that many conspiracy theory believers can revise their views if presented with sufficiently compelling evidence.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adq1814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues, Joseph M. Collins, Song Yang, Catherine Martinez, Ji Wook Kim, Chhiring Lama, Anna S. Nam, Clemens Alt, Charles Lin, Leonard I. Zon
Macrophages maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality by assessing cell surface Calreticulin (Calr), an “eat-me” signal induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using zebrafish genetics, we identified Beta-2-microglobulin (B2m) as a crucial “don’t eat-me” signal on blood stem cells. A chemical screen revealed inducers of surface Calr that promoted HSC proliferation without triggering ROS or macrophage clearance. Whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening showed that Toll-like receptor 3 (Tlr3) signaling regulated b2m expression. Targeting b2m or tlr3 reduced the HSC clonality. Elevated B2m levels correlated with high expression of repetitive element (RE) transcripts. Overall, our data suggest that RE-associated double-stranded RNA could interact with TLR3 to stimulate surface expression of B2m on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These findings suggest that the balance of Calr and B2m regulates macrophage-HSC interactions and defines hematopoietic clonality.
{"title":"Transcripts of repetitive DNA elements signal to block phagocytosis of hematopoietic stem cells","authors":"Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues, Joseph M. Collins, Song Yang, Catherine Martinez, Ji Wook Kim, Chhiring Lama, Anna S. Nam, Clemens Alt, Charles Lin, Leonard I. Zon","doi":"10.1126/science.adn1629","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adn1629","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Macrophages maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality by assessing cell surface Calreticulin (Calr), an “eat-me” signal induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using zebrafish genetics, we identified Beta-2-microglobulin (B2m) as a crucial “don’t eat-me” signal on blood stem cells. A chemical screen revealed inducers of surface Calr that promoted HSC proliferation without triggering ROS or macrophage clearance. Whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening showed that Toll-like receptor 3 (Tlr3) signaling regulated <i>b2m</i> expression. Targeting <i>b2m</i> or <i>tlr3</i> reduced the HSC clonality. Elevated B2m levels correlated with high expression of repetitive element (RE) transcripts. Overall, our data suggest that RE-associated double-stranded RNA could interact with TLR3 to stimulate surface expression of B2m on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These findings suggest that the balance of Calr and B2m regulates macrophage-HSC interactions and defines hematopoietic clonality.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timofey A. Karginov, Antoine Ménoret, Nathan K. Leclair, Andrew G. Harrison, Karthik Chandiran, Jenny E. Suarez-Ramirez, Marina Yurieva, Keaton Karlinsey, Penghua Wang, Rachel J. O’Neill, Patrick A. Murphy, Adam J. Adler, Linda S. Cauley, Olga Anczuków, Beiyan Zhou, Anthony T. Vella
T cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity to peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) dictates T cell fate. Canonical models of TCR sensitivity cannot be fully explained by transcriptional regulation. In this work, we identify a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of TCR sensitivity that guides alternative splicing of TCR signaling transcripts through an evolutionarily ultraconserved poison exon (PE) in the RNA-binding protein (RBP) TRA2β in mouse and human. TRA2β-PE splicing, seen during cancer and infection, was required for TCR-induced effector T cell expansion and function. Tra2β-PE skipping enhanced T cell response to antigen by increasing TCR sensitivity. As antigen levels decreased, Tra2β-PE reinclusion allowed T cell survival. Finally, we found that TRA2β-PE was first included in the genome of jawed vertebrates that were capable of TCR gene rearrangements. We propose that TRA2β-PE splicing acts as a gatekeeper of TCR sensitivity to shape T cell fate.
{"title":"Autoregulated splicing of TRA2β programs T cell fate in response to antigen-receptor stimulation","authors":"Timofey A. Karginov, Antoine Ménoret, Nathan K. Leclair, Andrew G. Harrison, Karthik Chandiran, Jenny E. Suarez-Ramirez, Marina Yurieva, Keaton Karlinsey, Penghua Wang, Rachel J. O’Neill, Patrick A. Murphy, Adam J. Adler, Linda S. Cauley, Olga Anczuków, Beiyan Zhou, Anthony T. Vella","doi":"10.1126/science.adj1979","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adj1979","url":null,"abstract":"<div >T cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity to peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) dictates T cell fate. Canonical models of TCR sensitivity cannot be fully explained by transcriptional regulation. In this work, we identify a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of TCR sensitivity that guides alternative splicing of TCR signaling transcripts through an evolutionarily ultraconserved poison exon (PE) in the RNA-binding protein (RBP) TRA2β in mouse and human. <i>TRA2</i>β<i>-</i>PE splicing, seen during cancer and infection, was required for TCR-induced effector T cell expansion and function. <i>Tra2</i>β-PE skipping enhanced T cell response to antigen by increasing TCR sensitivity. As antigen levels decreased, <i>Tra2</i>β-PE reinclusion allowed T cell survival. Finally, we found that <i>TRA2</i>β-PE was first included in the genome of jawed vertebrates that were capable of TCR gene rearrangements. We propose that <i>TRA2</i>β<i>-</i>PE splicing acts as a gatekeeper of TCR sensitivity to shape T cell fate.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Focused ultrasound is a platform technology capable of eliciting a wide range of biological responses with high spatial precision deep within the body. Although focused ultrasound is already in clinical use for focal thermal ablation of tissue, there has been a recent growth in development and translation of ultrasound-mediated nonthermal therapies. These approaches exploit the physical forces of ultrasound to produce a range of biological responses dependent on exposure conditions. This review discusses recent advances in four application areas that have seen particular growth and have immense clinical potential: brain drug delivery, neuromodulation, focal tissue destruction, and endogenous immune system activation. Owing to the maturation of transcranial ultrasound technology, the brain is a major target organ; however, clinical indications outside the brain are also discussed.
{"title":"Exploiting the mechanical effects of ultrasound for noninvasive therapy","authors":"Meaghan A. O’Reilly","doi":"10.1126/science.adp7206","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp7206","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Focused ultrasound is a platform technology capable of eliciting a wide range of biological responses with high spatial precision deep within the body. Although focused ultrasound is already in clinical use for focal thermal ablation of tissue, there has been a recent growth in development and translation of ultrasound-mediated nonthermal therapies. These approaches exploit the physical forces of ultrasound to produce a range of biological responses dependent on exposure conditions. This review discusses recent advances in four application areas that have seen particular growth and have immense clinical potential: brain drug delivery, neuromodulation, focal tissue destruction, and endogenous immune system activation. Owing to the maturation of transcranial ultrasound technology, the brain is a major target organ; however, clinical indications outside the brain are also discussed.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quan Wang, Tao Wang, Lin Cao, An Mu, Sheng Fu, Peipei Wang, Yan Gao, Wenxin Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhanqiang Du, Luke W. Guddat, Wenchi Zhang, Shuang Li, Xuemei Li, Zhiyong Lou, Xiangxi Wang, Zhongyu Hu, Zihe Rao
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major global health challenge with massive morbidity and mortality. Despite a preventive vaccine, current treatments provide limited virus clearance, necessitating lifelong commitment. The HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is crucial for diagnosis and prognosis, yet its high-resolution structure and assembly on the virus envelope remain elusive. Utilizing extensive datasets and advanced cryo–electron microscopy analysis, we present structural insights into HBsAg at a near-atomic resolution of 3.7 angstroms. HBsAg homodimers assemble into subviral particles with D2- and D4-like quasisymmetry, elucidating the dense-packing rules and structural adaptability of HBsAg. These findings provide insights into how HBsAg assembles into higher-order filaments and interacts with the capsid to form virions.
{"title":"Inherent symmetry and flexibility in hepatitis B virus subviral particles","authors":"Quan Wang, Tao Wang, Lin Cao, An Mu, Sheng Fu, Peipei Wang, Yan Gao, Wenxin Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhanqiang Du, Luke W. Guddat, Wenchi Zhang, Shuang Li, Xuemei Li, Zhiyong Lou, Xiangxi Wang, Zhongyu Hu, Zihe Rao","doi":"10.1126/science.adp1453","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp1453","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major global health challenge with massive morbidity and mortality. Despite a preventive vaccine, current treatments provide limited virus clearance, necessitating lifelong commitment. The HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is crucial for diagnosis and prognosis, yet its high-resolution structure and assembly on the virus envelope remain elusive. Utilizing extensive datasets and advanced cryo–electron microscopy analysis, we present structural insights into HBsAg at a near-atomic resolution of 3.7 angstroms. HBsAg homodimers assemble into subviral particles with <b><i>D</i></b><sub>2</sub>- and <b><i>D</i></b><sub>4</sub>-like quasisymmetry, elucidating the dense-packing rules and structural adaptability of HBsAg. These findings provide insights into how HBsAg assembles into higher-order filaments and interacts with the capsid to form virions.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Yu, Angela Buchholz, Iida Pullinen, Silja Saarela, Zijun Li, Annele Virtanen, James D. Blande
Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can be formed from the oxidation of plant volatiles in the atmosphere. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can elicit plant defenses, but whether such ecological functions persist after they form SOAs was previously unknown. Here we show that Scots pine seedlings damaged by large pine weevils feeding on their roots release HIPVs that trigger defenses in neighboring conspecific plants. The biological activity persisted after HIPVs had been oxidized to form SOAs, which was indicated by receivers displaying enhanced photosynthesis, primed volatile defenses, and reduced weevil damage. The elemental composition and quantity of SOAs likely determines their biological functions. This work demonstrates that plant-derived SOAs can mediate interactions between plants, highlighting their ecological significance in ecosystems.
大气中的植物挥发物氧化后可形成生物次生有机气溶胶（SOAs）。食草动物诱导的植物挥发物（HIPVs）可以激发植物防御功能，但这种生态功能在形成 SOAs 后是否会持续，以前还不得而知。在这里，我们发现被大型松象鼻虫取食根部的苏格兰松树幼苗会释放出 HIPVs，从而引发邻近同种植物的防御。在 HIPVs 被氧化形成 SOAs 之后，这种生物活性仍然存在，这表现在受体显示出光合作用增强、挥发性防御能力增强以及象鼻虫危害减轻。SOAs 的元素组成和数量可能决定了其生物功能。这项研究表明，植物产生的 SOAs 可以介导植物之间的相互作用，突出了它们在生态系统中的生态意义。
{"title":"Biogenic secondary organic aerosol participates in plant interactions and herbivory defense","authors":"Hao Yu, Angela Buchholz, Iida Pullinen, Silja Saarela, Zijun Li, Annele Virtanen, James D. Blande","doi":"10.1126/science.ado6779","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ado6779","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) can be formed from the oxidation of plant volatiles in the atmosphere. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can elicit plant defenses, but whether such ecological functions persist after they form SOAs was previously unknown. Here we show that Scots pine seedlings damaged by large pine weevils feeding on their roots release HIPVs that trigger defenses in neighboring conspecific plants. The biological activity persisted after HIPVs had been oxidized to form SOAs, which was indicated by receivers displaying enhanced photosynthesis, primed volatile defenses, and reduced weevil damage. The elemental composition and quantity of SOAs likely determines their biological functions. This work demonstrates that plant-derived SOAs can mediate interactions between plants, highlighting their ecological significance in ecosystems.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extreme weather sparked by ocean shifts set stage for Great Dying 250 million years ago.
海洋变化引发的极端天气为 2.5 亿年前的大灭绝埋下了伏笔。
{"title":"Strong El Niños primed Earth for mass extinction.","authors":"Paul Voosen","doi":"10.1126/science.adt0785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt0785","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme weather sparked by ocean shifts set stage for Great Dying 250 million years ago.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing emissions with smart city technology","authors":"Danfeng He, Xiaolin Zhang, Fujiang Zhou","doi":"10.1126/science.adr0001","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The entrance channel of bimolecular reactions sometimes involves the formation of outer complexes as weakly bound, fleeting intermediates. Here, we characterize such an outer complex in a system that models the bimolecular, C-O bond–forming reaction of a phosphine oxide Lewis base with a carbenium Lewis acid. Crystallographic studies show that the C-O distance in the outer form exceeds that of the final or inner adduct by 1.1 angstroms. As the system samples the two forms of the complex, which correspond to minima on the corresponding potential energy surface, the C-O linkage switches from a secondary interaction in the outer complex to a dative bond in the inner complex. This phenomenon is harnessed as a functional feature to stabilize xanthylium-based photoredox catalysts.
{"title":"Characterization of a Lewis adduct in its inner and outer forms","authors":"Wei-Chun Liu, François P. Gabbaï","doi":"10.1126/science.adp7465","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp7465","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The entrance channel of bimolecular reactions sometimes involves the formation of outer complexes as weakly bound, fleeting intermediates. Here, we characterize such an outer complex in a system that models the bimolecular, C-O bond–forming reaction of a phosphine oxide Lewis base with a carbenium Lewis acid. Crystallographic studies show that the C-O distance in the outer form exceeds that of the final or inner adduct by 1.1 angstroms. As the system samples the two forms of the complex, which correspond to minima on the corresponding potential energy surface, the C-O linkage switches from a secondary interaction in the outer complex to a dative bond in the inner complex. This phenomenon is harnessed as a functional feature to stabilize xanthylium-based photoredox catalysts.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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