Non-melanoma skin cancer in the context of albinism with an associated facial nerve palsy.

Abstract

Introduction and importance: Albinism, or the loss of pigment formation by otherwise healthy melanocytes, is quite common in Sub-Saharan Africa and is most likely caused by consanguinity. The sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and albinism have been both related to non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma are the two main types of skin cancer. NMSC accounts for the large majority of all skin cancers, they are located in parts of the body that are chronically exposed to sunlight, such as the head, face, neck, and dorsum of the hand.

Case presentation: We present a case of NMSC in a female person with albinism (PWA) presenting with a left facial ulceration and right facial deviation accompanied by intense pain.

Clinical discussion: The face is home to several vital structures including the facial nerve, which when affected by a tumoral aetiology, albeit uncommon could lead to facial nerve palsy having consequences such as facial appearance changes with potential negative psychosocial effects adding to the weight of the tumour.

Conclusion: Increase awareness of NMSCs and its risk factors, as well early diagnosis and treatment is of the essence and can help reduce morbidity and mortality.