Relationships between upper trunk rotation kinematics and arm fatigue after repetitive pitching among baseball pitchers.

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Sports Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI:10.1080/14763141.2024.2431901

Koya Mine, Mark Jones, Steve Saunders, Ben Onofrio, Robert G Crowther, Steve Milanese

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Abstract

Early upper trunk rotation during baseball pitching has been associated with higher upper-limb kinetics. However, its relationship with arm fatigue after repetitive pitching is unclear. This study aimed to investigate associations between upper trunk rotation kinematics and arm fatigue. A total of 14 healthy male pitchers (age 27.1 ± . 9.0 yrs) threw 45 pitches across three innings. Pitching mechanics and ball velocity were assessed using 3-D motion analysis (Vicon, UK) and Rapsodo (Rapsodo, USA). Subjective arm fatigue was assessed by CR-10 Borg scale, whereas grip and shoulder external rotation strength were evaluated before and after pitching sessions. Ball velocity and the timing of upper trunk rotation did not change significantly throughout the three innings. Three-inning pitching produced significant levels of subjective and objective arm fatigue. The onset timing of upper trunk rotation (OTUTR) had significant effects on CR-10 Borg scale and ball velocity. The magnitude of effect of OTUTR on ball velocity may be clinically significant. These findings suggest that the timing of upper trunk rotation may not significantly affect arm fatigue with relatively low pitch counts, and early OTUTR may lead to early reduction in ball velocity.

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棒球投手重复投球后上躯干旋转运动学与手臂疲劳之间的关系。

棒球投球过程中的早期上躯干旋转与较高的上肢动力学有关。然而，它与重复投球后手臂疲劳的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查上躯干旋转运动学与手臂疲劳之间的关系。共有 14 名健康男性投手（年龄为 27.1 ± . 9.0 岁）在三局比赛中投掷了 45 球。使用三维运动分析（英国 Vicon 公司）和 Rapsodo（美国 Rapsodo 公司）对投球力学和球速进行了评估。主观手臂疲劳度通过 CR-10 Borg 量表进行评估，而握力和肩部外旋力量则在投球训练前后进行评估。球速和上躯干旋转的时间在三局中没有明显变化。三局投球产生了明显的主观和客观手臂疲劳。上躯干旋转的开始时间（OTUTR）对CR-10博格量表和球速有显著影响。上躯干旋转对球速的影响程度可能具有临床意义。这些发现表明，在投球数相对较少的情况下，上躯干旋转的时间可能不会对手臂疲劳产生明显影响，而过早的OTUTR可能会导致球速过早降低。

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来源期刊

Sports Biomechanics 医学-工程：生物医学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

9.10%

发文量

135

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Sports Biomechanics is the Thomson Reuters listed scientific journal of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports (ISBS). The journal sets out to generate knowledge to improve human performance and reduce the incidence of injury, and to communicate this knowledge to scientists, coaches, clinicians, teachers, and participants. The target performance realms include not only the conventional areas of sports and exercise, but also fundamental motor skills and other highly specialized human movements such as dance (both sport and artistic). Sports Biomechanics is unique in its emphasis on a broad biomechanical spectrum of human performance including, but not limited to, technique, skill acquisition, training, strength and conditioning, exercise, coaching, teaching, equipment, modeling and simulation, measurement, and injury prevention and rehabilitation. As well as maintaining scientific rigour, there is a strong editorial emphasis on ''reader friendliness''. By emphasising the practical implications and applications of research, the journal seeks to benefit practitioners directly. Sports Biomechanics publishes papers in four sections: Original Research, Reviews, Teaching, and Methods and Theoretical Perspectives.