Identifying solute loss from karst conduit to fissures under concentrated recharge conditions

IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Journal of Hydrology Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132370
Mingming Luo, Zhihao Zhou, Jing Chen, Xiangyu Peng, Zehao Zhao, Wenhui Zhao
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Abstract

The aquifer within karst areas exhibits significant heterogeneity, accompanied by intricate runoff processes and swift hydrological responses. The solute transport process within karst conduits is influenced by various factors, including karst development characteristics and variations in hydrodynamic conditions, thereby displaying a high level of complexity. This complexity plays a crucial role in governing the safe utilization of karst water resources and the prevention of groundwater pollution. In this paper, a typical karst conduit system in southern China is chosen to investigate the influence mechanism of hydrodynamic conditions on the solute transport process within the karst conduit. This investigation is conducted through multiple sets of field artificial tracer tests. An intriguing phenomenon was observed: When the mean flow velocity of the conduit flow is either low (<200 m/h) or high (>1000 m/h), the solute concentrations and recovery rates are low. Conversely, the solute concentration and recovery rate are highest at a medium flow velocity (560 m/h), with the recovery rates ranging from 0.13 % to 92.44 %. A theoretical formula has been derived to estimate the solute loss from conduit flow to fissure flow. When the conduit is filled with water, an increase in the mean flow velocity leads to an augmentation in the amount of water recharged from the conduit into the fissures, as well as an increase in the stored solute mass, which results in a decrease in the solute recovery rate. The condition that poses the highest risk of groundwater pollution occurs at a medium flow velocity, where the solute concentration and recovery rate are all at their maximum levels. When the recharge rate at the sinkhole is very small, both the cross-sectional area and the mean flow velocity of the karst conduit are reduced. The rough bottom of the karst conduit leads to an increase in dispersivity, resulting in low solute concentration and recovery rate. The results elucidate the reasons behind the significant variations in solute recovery rates under different hydrodynamic conditions. They provide novel evidence for comprehending the water and solute exchange processes between conduits and fissures under concentrated recharge conditions. Furthermore, these findings offer a valuable reference for assessing the risk of groundwater pollution in karst areas.
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确定在集中补给条件下溶质从岩溶导管流失到裂隙的情况
岩溶地区的含水层具有明显的异质性,同时伴有复杂的径流过程和迅速的水文反应。岩溶通道内的溶质运移过程受到各种因素的影响,包括岩溶发育特征和水动力条件的变化,因而表现出高度的复杂性。这种复杂性对岩溶水资源的安全利用和防止地下水污染起着至关重要的作用。本文选取了中国南方典型的岩溶导管系统,研究水动力条件对岩溶导管内溶质运移过程的影响机理。该研究通过多组野外人工示踪试验进行。研究发现了一个有趣的现象:当导流的平均流速较低(200 米/小时)或较高(1000 米/小时)时,溶质浓度和回收率都较低。相反,在中等流速(560 米/小时)时,溶质浓度和回收率最高,回收率从 0.13 % 到 92.44 % 不等。通过一个理论公式可以估算出从导管流到裂隙流的溶质流失量。当导管中充满水时,平均流速的增加会导致从导管补给到裂缝中的水量增加,以及储存的溶质质量增加,从而导致溶质回收率下降。地下水污染风险最高的情况发生在中等流速时,此时溶质浓度和回收率均达到最大值。当天坑的补给率非常小时,岩溶导管的横截面积和平均流速都会减小。岩溶导管粗糙的底部导致分散性增加,从而导致溶质浓度和回收率降低。研究结果阐明了不同水动力条件下溶质回收率存在显著差异的原因。它们为理解集中补给条件下导流与裂隙之间的水和溶质交换过程提供了新的证据。此外,这些发现还为评估岩溶地区地下水污染风险提供了宝贵的参考。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hydrology
Journal of Hydrology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
1309
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, hydraulics, agrohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, civil and environmental engineering are included. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, environmental sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site.
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