Journal of Hydrology最新文献

Groundwater flow and salinity dynamics in swash Zones: Combined effects of Evaporation, Waves, and geologic heterogeneity 沼泽区的地下水流和盐度动态：蒸发、波浪和地质异质性的综合影响

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132322

Xiaolong Geng , Holly A. Michael , James W. Heiss , Michel C. Boufadel , Hailong Li , Yan Zhang

This study employs groundwater simulations to examine the combined effects of waves, evaporation, and geologic heterogeneity on the flow and salinity dynamics in a shallow beach environment. The modeling results reveal that wave motion generates a saline plume beneath the swash zone, with hypersalinity near the surface triggered by evaporation. Geologic heterogeneity critically controls the temporal and spatial patterns of evaporation, moisture content, and salinity in the swash zone. Heterogeneous capillarity creates localized moisture hotspots within the unsaturated zone, which support enhanced evaporation and therefore facilitate salt accumulation at the surface, even when the overall moisture conditions along the swash zone are not conducive to high rates of evaporation. The formation of capillary barriers allows these moisture hotspots to persist over tidal cycles, leading to the retention of saltwater pockets within heterogeneous unsaturated finer sediments. As the swash zone recedes and evaporation intensifies, salt begins to accumulate near the beach surface. The moisture hotspots create preferential pathways that facilitate the penetration of hypersaline water into deeper, saturated sediments. In contrast, within the saturated zone, groundwater flow and salt transport are predominantly driven by preferential flow within high-permeability coarse sediments where capillarity is relatively low. Such transport and capillary mechanisms are crucial for a better understanding of coastal groundwater flow, interstitial habitats, biogeochemical conditions, and consequent nutrient cycling and contaminant transport in coastal zones. This highlights the necessity of considering integrated coastal physical drivers when investigating flow and transport processes in coastal swash zones.

这项研究利用地下水模拟来研究波浪、蒸发和地质异质性对浅滩环境中的水流和盐度动态的综合影响。建模结果表明，波浪运动会在冲刷区下方产生一个含盐羽流，蒸发会引发地表附近的盐度过高。地质异质性在很大程度上控制着斜滩区蒸发、含水量和盐度的时空模式。异质毛细管在非饱和区内形成局部湿度热点，支持增强蒸发，从而促进盐分在地表积累，即使斜坡带的整体湿度条件不利于高蒸发率。毛细管屏障的形成使这些湿度热点在潮汐周期中持续存在，导致盐水洼地保留在异质非饱和细沉积物中。随着冲刷带的后退和蒸发的加剧，盐分开始在海滩表面附近积聚。水汽热点会形成优先通道，促进高盐水渗透到更深的饱和沉积物中。相比之下，在饱和区内，地下水流和盐分迁移主要是由毛细管度相对较低的高渗透性粗沉积物内的优先流驱动的。在这种情况下，要更好地了解沿岸地下水流、间隙生境、生物地球化学条件以及随之而来的沿岸带养分循环和污染物迁移情况，这种迁移和毛细管机制是至关重要的。在研究沿岸沼泽区的流动和传输过程时，有必要考虑沿岸综合物理驱动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the efficacy of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICP) in managing stormwater runoff under climate change and land use scenarios 评估透水混凝土联锁铺路砖（PICP）在气候变化和土地使用情况下管理雨水径流的功效

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132329

Yasir Abduljaleel , Sylvester Richard Chikabvumbwa , Faraz Ul Haq

The study examines Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICP) systems in urban and suburban areas facing intensified stormwater challenges due to climate change and evolving land use patterns. It investigates various factors affecting PICP performance, including soil, topography, vegetation, and rainfall intensity, using advanced modeling techniques. The study’s methodology integrates Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) model and Python scripting, utilizing historical and projected data to guide resilient PICP designs. Climate projections from 2030 to 2080 show a significant increase in stormwater runoff due to urbanization, emphasizing flood risk concerns. The findings indicated a substantial 43 % increase in runoff for the City of Renton-Cedar watershed in Washington from 2030 to 2069. Without PICP implementation, a notable 20.3 % surge in total runoff volume is anticipated. This highlights the crucial role of PICP and sustainable urban planning in mitigating urbanization’s impact on hydrology. With PICP implementation, the results show that the total runoff may reduce to a range within 24 %–75 % for the three land use scenarios (15 %, 25 % and 35 %). The results also exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) and strong (R² > 0.8) direct relationship between clogging and PICP systems. Overall, the research underscores PICP systems’ effectiveness in managing stormwater, emphasizing their importance in diverse urban settings, and advocating for green infrastructure adoption to enhance urban resilience amidst changing environmental dynamics.

由于气候变化和不断变化的土地使用模式，城市和郊区面临着日益严峻的雨水挑战，本研究对这些地区的透水混凝土联锁铺路系统（PICP）进行了考察。研究采用先进的建模技术，调查了影响 PICP 性能的各种因素，包括土壤、地形、植被和降雨强度。研究方法整合了个人电脑雨水管理模型 (PCSWMM) 模型和 Python 脚本，利用历史和预测数据来指导具有弹性的 PICP 设计。2030 年至 2080 年的气候预测显示，城市化导致雨水径流显著增加，洪水风险问题尤为突出。研究结果表明，从 2030 年到 2069 年，华盛顿州伦顿市锡达流域的径流量将大幅增加 43%。如果不实施 PICP，预计径流总量将显著增加 20.3%。这凸显了 PICP 和可持续城市规划在减轻城市化对水文影响方面的关键作用。结果表明，在实施 PICP 后，三种土地利用方案（15%、25% 和 35%）的径流总量可能会减少 24%-75%。研究结果还显示，堵塞与 PICP 系统之间存在明显的直接关系（P < 0.05），且关系密切（R2 > 0.8）。总之，这项研究强调了人与生物界面系统在管理雨水方面的有效性，强调了其在不同城市环境中的重要性，并倡导采用绿色基础设施来增强城市在不断变化的环境动态中的适应能力。

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引用次数: 0

Disentangling the contributions of water vapor, albedo and evapotranspiration variations to the temperature effect of vegetation greening over the Arctic 厘清水汽、反照率和蒸散量变化对北极植被绿化的温度效应的影响

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132331

Linfei Yu , Guoyong Leng , Lei Yao , Chenxi Lu , Siqi Han , Shunxiang Fan

Vegetation greening is observed over the Arctic, and its feedback to Arctic amplification has attracted increasing attention. Previous studies have primarily focused on the temperature effect of a single environmental variable (e.g., albedo), while the separate contributions of land surface albedo, evapotranspiration (ET) and water vapor remain underexamined. In this study, we develop knowledge-based data-driven models (i.e., path analysis and machine learning) to estimate the temperature effect of vegetation greening and quantify the separate contributions of albedo, ET and water vapor in July and August from 1982 to 2015. The results show a wide range of temperature sensitivity to the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and vegetation greening has led to Arctic warming of 0.76 °C, 0.68 °C, 0.83 °C in July and August and the average of the two months, respectively. Path analysis suggested that vegetation greening affects Arctic air temperature mainly by regulating albedo and water vapor. In July, changes in water vapor contributed the most to the temperature effect of vegetation greening with a contribution of 0.25 ± 0.08 °C, while in August, changes in albedo and water vapor had similar effects with a contribution of 0.21 ± 0.08 °C. In contrast, changes in ET have generated a negligible cooling effect due to small changes in ET. Further analysis shows similar positive contributions of albedo and water vapor in barren, graminoid tundra, prostrate-shrub tundra and erect-shrub, with contributions ranging from 0.18 ± 0.05°C to 0.30 ± 0.11°C, while changes in water vapor dominate vegetation’s temperature effect in wetlands, with contributions ranging from 0.26 ± 0.11°C to 0.32 ± 0.16°C. This study emphasizes the importance of considering multiple driving factors to assess the temperature effect of vegetation greening in a consistent framework and highlights the critical role of water vapor change in addition to the widely examined albedo in explaining Arctic warming.

在北极上空观测到植被变绿，其对北极变暖的反馈作用已引起越来越多的关注。以往的研究主要关注单一环境变量（如反照率）对温度的影响，而对陆地表面反照率、蒸散（ET）和水蒸气的单独贡献研究不足。在本研究中，我们开发了基于知识的数据驱动模型（即路径分析和机器学习），以估算植被绿化的温度效应，并量化 1982 年至 2015 年 7 月和 8 月反照率、蒸散发和水汽的单独贡献。结果表明，温度对归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）的敏感性范围很广，植被绿化导致北极7月和8月升温0.76 ℃，0.68 ℃，0.83 ℃，这两个月的平均值也分别升温0.76 ℃、0.68 ℃和0.83 ℃。路径分析表明，植被绿化主要通过调节反照率和水汽来影响北极气温。在 7 月份，水蒸气的变化对植被绿化的气温效应贡献最大，为 0.25 ± 0.08 °C；在 8 月份，反照率和水蒸气的变化具有相似的效应，贡献为 0.21 ± 0.08 °C。相比之下，由于蒸散发的微小变化，产生的降温效应可以忽略不计。进一步的分析表明，反照率和水汽在贫瘠苔原、禾本科苔原、匍匐灌木苔原和直立灌木中具有类似的正贡献，贡献范围从 0.18 ± 0.05°C 到 0.30 ± 0.11°C，而水汽的变化在湿地植被的温度效应中占主导地位，贡献范围从 0.26 ± 0.11°C 到 0.32 ± 0.16°C。这项研究强调了考虑多种驱动因素的重要性，以便在一个一致的框架内评估植被绿化的温度效应，并突出了除广泛研究的反照率外，水汽变化在解释北极变暖中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

A Multi-Objective Simulation-Optimization framework for water resources management in canal-well conjunctive irrigation area based on nexus perspective 基于关系视角的渠井结合灌区水资源管理多目标模拟优化框架

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132308

Jianzhe Hou , Yanan Jiang , Tingting Wei , Zijun Wang , Xiaojun Wang

Water scarcity drives the nexus of water-food-energy-ecosystem (WFEE) in arid and semi-arid agricultural irrigation areas, while the impacts of different irrigation strategies can propagate from water sector to other sectors through groundwater system. In this work, a Multi-Objective Simulation Optimization (MOSO) framework that couples the numerical groundwater model (MODFLOW) with the multi-objective optimization model (NSGA-III) is proposed to coordinate multiple resource systems with conflicting interests based on nexus perspective by reasonably allocating irrigation water resources from surface water diversion and groundwater abstraction. The management objectives include maximization of water use efficiency and food economic efficiency, as well as minimization of energy consumption efficiency and the impact of irrigation on ecosystem subject to groundwater levels, surface water supply and irrigation water demand. To demonstrate the feasibility of the MOSO framework, a water resources management problem in typical canal-well irrigation area − Baojixia Irrigation Area (BIA), located in Shaanxi province in northwest China, has been solved. The major findings are: (a) for every 10 % increase in the proportion of groundwater usage across the total irrigation area, water use efficiency decreases by 0.05 kg/m³, energy consumption efficiency increases by 900 CNY/ha, the ecosystem impact index decreases by 0.1, and food economic efficiency remains unchanged; (b) the four-dimensional Pareto-optimal solutions comprehensively consider all the impacts of the WFEE nexus system, avoiding decision shortsightedness caused by a low-dimensional perspective; (c) spatial differences in irrigation strategies across different zones are primarily influenced by crop structure, hydrogeological parameters and surface elevation, while temporal variations are mainly concentrated during the maize irrigation period. The framework based on water resources management and groundwater dynamics can efficiently evaluate trade-offs and synergies among nexus sectors, providing far-sighted suggestions for policy makers to improve resource-use efficiency, while mitigating the impact of irrigation on ecosystem.

在干旱和半干旱农业灌溉区，水资源匮乏是水-食物-能源-生态系统（WFEE）关系的驱动因素，而不同灌溉策略的影响会通过地下水系统从水资源部门传播到其他部门。本研究提出了一个多目标模拟优化（MOSO）框架，将地下水数值模型（MODFLOW）与多目标优化模型（NSGA-III）相结合，通过合理分配地表水引水和地下水取水中的灌溉水资源，基于关系视角协调利益冲突的多个资源系统。管理目标包括用水效率和粮食经济效益最大化，能耗效率最小化，以及灌溉对受地下水位、地表水供应和灌溉水需求影响的生态系统的影响。为了证明 MOSO 框架的可行性，我们解决了位于中国西北部陕西省的典型渠井灌区--鲍家峡灌区（BIA）的水资源管理问题。主要结论如下(a) 整个灌区地下水使用比例每增加 10%，用水效率降低 0.05 千克/立方米，能耗效率增加 900 元/公顷，生态系统影响指数降低 0.1，粮食经济效益保持不变。1，粮食经济效益保持不变；(b) 四维帕累托最优解全面考虑了 WFEE 关系系统的所有影响，避免了低维视角造成的决策短视；(c) 不同灌区灌溉策略的空间差异主要受作物结构、水文地质参数和地表高程的影响，而时间差异主要集中在玉米灌浆期。基于水资源管理和地下水动态的框架可有效评估各关联部门之间的权衡和协同作用，为决策者提供高瞻远瞩的建议，以提高资源利用效率，同时减轻灌溉对生态系统的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The role of mobile-immobile sorbents on flow and colloid-facilitated contaminant transport through porous media: Two-dimensional modeling 移动-非移动吸附剂对污染物在多孔介质中的流动和胶体促进迁移的作用：二维建模

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132307

Akhilesh Paswan , Pramod Kumar Sharma

A mathematical model based on conceptual equilibrium has been devised to study the role of mobile-immobile sorbents on colloid-facilitated contaminant transport through a two-dimensional, saturated, and homogeneous groundwater system with transient flow conditions. The primary drawback of the kinetic model arises from its inability to handle the large number of parameters involved in multi-dimensional regions at bigger scales when several transport processes and transient flow conditions are included. In order to prevent model complexity, the current study is the first attempt to investigate the equilibrium approach with transient flow conditions in a two-dimensional domain. Conventionally, colloids enhance the contaminant transport by adsorbing contaminants through multiple sorption reactions. However, it was noticed that even in the presence of colloids (

C_{c} = 100 m g / l

), BTCs get attenuated due to an increase in

k_{3}

, which indicates a stronger affinity of pollutants with the static solid matrix. Therefore, the present study suggests that the mere existence of colloids may not guarantee enhanced contaminant movement. A contaminant plume with 50 mg/l of colloids travels 2 m ahead of the contaminant without colloids, and this distance increases to 4.7 m for 100 mg/l colloids. Therefore, colloids can either be favorable in the case of contaminated aquifer rehabilitation or adverse in the event of groundwater contamination spread.

研究人员设计了一个基于概念平衡的数学模型，用于研究移动-非移动吸附剂在二维、饱和和均质地下水系统中的瞬态流动条件下胶体促进污染物迁移的作用。动力学模型的主要缺点是，当包含多个迁移过程和瞬态流动条件时，无法处理更大尺度的多维区域所涉及的大量参数。为了避免模型的复杂性，目前的研究首次尝试在二维领域研究具有瞬态流动条件的平衡方法。传统上，胶体通过多重吸附反应吸附污染物，从而增强污染物的传输。然而，我们注意到，即使存在胶体（Cc=100 毫克/升），BTC 也会因 k3 的增加而减弱，这表明污染物与静态固体基质的亲和力更强。因此，本研究表明，仅仅存在胶体并不能保证污染物的移动得到加强。含有 50 毫克/升胶体的污染物羽流比不含胶体的污染物前行 2 米，如果胶体含量为 100 毫克/升，则前行距离增加到 4.7 米。因此，胶体既可能有利于受污染含水层的恢复，也可能不利于地下水污染的扩散。

{"title":"The role of mobile-immobile sorbents on flow and colloid-facilitated contaminant transport through porous media: Two-dimensional modeling","authors":"Akhilesh Paswan , Pramod Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mathematical model based on conceptual equilibrium has been devised to study the role of mobile-immobile sorbents on colloid-facilitated contaminant transport through a two-dimensional, saturated, and homogeneous groundwater system with transient flow conditions. The primary drawback of the kinetic model arises from its inability to handle the large number of parameters involved in multi-dimensional regions at bigger scales when several transport processes and transient flow conditions are included. In order to prevent model complexity, the current study is the first attempt to investigate the equilibrium approach with transient flow conditions in a two-dimensional domain. Conventionally, colloids enhance the contaminant transport by adsorbing contaminants through multiple sorption reactions. However, it was noticed that even in the presence of colloids (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>l</mi></mrow></math></span>), BTCs get attenuated due to an increase in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, which indicates a stronger affinity of pollutants with the static solid matrix. Therefore, the present study suggests that the mere existence of colloids may not guarantee enhanced contaminant movement. A contaminant plume with 50 mg/l of colloids travels 2 m ahead of the contaminant without colloids, and this distance increases to 4.7 m for 100 mg/l colloids. Therefore, colloids can either be favorable in the case of contaminated aquifer rehabilitation or adverse in the event of groundwater contamination spread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"646 ","pages":"Article 132307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Three Gorges Dam construction on spatiotemporal variations in the hydrodynamic regime of Poyang Lake (China) 三峡大坝建设对鄱阳湖水动力时空变化的影响（中国）

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132302

Xiyan Yang, Shanghong Zhang, Caihong Tang, Chuansen Wu, Yinxin Ge

As an important large-scale river-connected lake in the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake has complex interactions with the main stream of the river. The full operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on the main stream of the Yangtze River has caused substantial changes in the relationship between the river and the lake, and the hydrological and hydrodynamic regime of Poyang Lake have also shown obvious variations in response. This study constructed a 2D hydrodynamic model of Poyang Lake based on GPU acceleration to realize a long-term simulation of the water flow evolution of Poyang Lake. By comparing the differences in water level at Hukou station between 20-year periods before and after TGD construction, the impact of TGD construction on Poyang Lake was characterized. Results showed that in comparison with the values for the pre-dam period, the water level of Poyang Lake decreased by 0.4–2.0 m and the flow velocity increased by 0.01–0.04 m/s in the post-dam period, and both showed a trend of reduction spatially from the north toward the south. Additionally, the inundation area of the lake decreased by 9 %, the 10-m characteristic water level at Xingzi station advanced by 27 days, the duration of low water extended by 37 days, and in typical dry, normal, and wet years, the time of occurrence of low water advanced. Moreover, TGD construction has aggravated the conditions of Poyang Lake in the dry season. The findings of this study are of great importance in relation to refining the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of habitats, and supporting further investigation of the changes in the aquatic ecosystem of Poyang Lake under TGD regulation.

作为长江中下游重要的大型连江湖泊，鄱阳湖与长江干流的相互作用十分复杂。长江干流三峡大坝的全面运行使江湖关系发生了重大变化，鄱阳湖的水文和水动力机制也随之发生了明显的变化。本研究构建了基于 GPU 加速的鄱阳湖二维水动力模型，实现了对鄱阳湖水流演变的长期模拟。通过比较TGD建设前后20年湖口站水位的差异，研究了TGD建设对鄱阳湖的影响。结果表明，与坝前相比，坝后鄱阳湖水位下降了 0.4-2.0 米，流速增加了 0.01-0.04 米/秒，且在空间上均呈现由北向南减小的趋势。此外，湖泊淹没面积减少了 9%，星子站 10 米特征水位提前了 27 天，枯水期延长了 37 天，在典型的枯水、常年和丰水年，枯水出现的时间都提前了。此外，TGD 的建设加剧了鄱阳湖旱季的状况。本研究的结果对完善生境时空分布特征、进一步研究 TGD 调控下鄱阳湖水生生态系统的变化具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling of the trade-off between the deep soil moisture and vegetation restoration in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China 中国黄土高原丘陵地区土壤深层水分与植被恢复之间的权衡模型

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132274

Yuqing Chang , Lei Han , Rui Chen , Zhao Liu , Yabei Li , Zilin Zhao , Yifeng Gao , Meili Yang , Xinxin Cao , Zheyuan Miao , Hongliang Kang

Excessive depletion of soil moisture by artificial forests in the vegetation restoration areas of the Loess Plateau has attracted widespread attention. To assess potential risks of soil moisture deficit, we needed on-site vegetation and soil sampling data, as well as UAV images from the Chaigou Watershed for three-dimensional analysis, combining both sampling and raster data. Three-dimensional surfaces for assessment of trade-off were established innovatively by the local regression and interpolation methods. The results indicated that soil moisture benefits at 20–40 cm depth are lower than at 0–20 cm due to infiltration and surface disturbance. In some areas of the Chaigou Watershed, grass and shrub-grass vegetation are facing risks of soil moisture deficit based on trade-off values (RSMD) and multiparameter evaluations. Analysis of deep soil water content variability revealed the moisture decreases significantly with the deepening of the soil layer in some plots. R (Richness), H (Shannon’s Diversity), Margalef, COHESION, and CONTAG were applicable in interpolation and fitted with the local regression model (R² > 0.6) corresponding to the trade-off, but SPLIT was proven to be inapplicable in this study area. The zero trade-off inflection points were 6 %–8 %, while the trend inflection points were 7.5 %–9 % for soil moisture and vegetation indices of vegetation and landscape in typical sampling sites of the Chaigou Watershed. Three-dimensional fitting model is more comprehensive and effective in assessing deep soil moisture conditions and grass plots on shady slopes generally had the best trade-off status in this region.

黄土高原植被恢复区人工林对土壤水分的过度消耗已引起广泛关注。为了评估土壤水分不足的潜在风险，我们需要现场植被和土壤采样数据，以及柴沟流域的无人机图像，结合采样数据和栅格数据进行三维分析。通过局部回归和插值方法，创新性地建立了用于权衡评估的三维曲面。结果表明，由于渗透和地表扰动，20-40 厘米深度的土壤水分效益低于 0-20 厘米深度。根据权衡值（RSMD）和多参数评价，柴沟流域部分地区禾本科和灌木草本植被面临土壤水分不足的风险。土壤深层含水量变化分析表明，随着土层的加深，部分地块的土壤水分明显减少。R（丰富度）、H（香农多样性）、Margalef、COHESION 和 CONTAG 可用于插值，并与权衡值对应的局部回归模型（R2 >0.6）拟合，但 SPLIT 被证明不适用于该研究区域。柴沟流域典型采样点的土壤水分和植被景观指数的零权衡拐点为 6%-8%，而趋势拐点为 7.5%-9%。三维拟合模型在评估土壤深层水分状况时更为全面有效，该地区阴坡草地的权衡状况一般最好。

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引用次数: 0

National estimation of regulated water storage of reservoirs in China 中国全国水库调节蓄水量估算

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132296

Chunyu Yuan , Pengfei Zhan , Chenyu Fan , Tan Chen , Fanxuan Zeng , Kai Liu , Linghong Ke , Chunqiao Song

The need for man-made reservoirs has increased with the growing population and changing climate. One of the most intensive human-induced alterations of the hydrological cycle is the regulated water storage in reservoirs, however, its quantification in large-scale reservoirs in China is inadequate. The lack of such information limits the rational management and utilization of water resources in reservoirs. To address this issue, we first mapped the dense time series of high-resolution (10 m) water inundation areas based on Sentinel-2 image scenes from 2017 to 2022 and then composed the annual surface water frequency (WF) maps of Chinese reservoirs. We calculated the water area of each reservoir at different WFs and estimated the corresponding water storage using our previously developed machine learning model. The water storage difference between the maximum water area (WF ≥ 5 %) and year-long (WF ≥ 75 %) water area was assumed as the regulated water storage of reservoirs. Results show that the multiyear-averaged water storage of all Chinese reservoirs at the maximum water area is estimated at 784.60 km³ from 2017 to 2022, and the water storage at the year-long water area is approximately 318.86 km³. The average annual regulated water storage of the reservoirs is estimated at 465.74 km³, accounting for 43.72 % of the total designed water storage of reservoirs in China. Among the basins, the Yangtze River Basin and Pearl River Basin have the highest average annual regulated water storage of 152.52 and 84.94 km³, respectively. The basins with larger irrigation areas and higher populations tend to have higher reservoir regulated water storage. The normalized water storage (NS) shows high spatial variations across reservoirs in different basins, with most basins in the south having higher NS than those in the north.

随着人口的增长和气候的变化，对人工水库的需求也在增加。人类对水文循环造成的最严重的改变之一是水库的调节蓄水，然而，中国大型水库对调节蓄水的定量分析还不够充分。这些信息的缺乏限制了水库水资源的合理管理和利用。为解决这一问题，我们首先基于哨兵-2 图像场景绘制了 2017 年至 2022 年高分辨率（10 米）水淹没区的密集时间序列，然后绘制了中国水库的年地表水频率（WF）图。我们利用之前开发的机器学习模型计算了各水库在不同 WF 下的水域面积，并估算了相应的蓄水量。最大水域面积（WF ≥ 5%）与常年水域面积（WF ≥ 75%）之间的蓄水量差值被假定为水库的调节蓄水量。结果表明，2017 年至 2022 年，中国所有水库在最大水面积下的多年平均蓄水量估计为 784.60 km3，在长年水面积下的蓄水量约为 318.86 km3。水库年均调节蓄水量预计为 465.74 千立方米，占全国水库设计总蓄水量的 43.72%。其中，长江流域和珠江流域的年均调节蓄水量最高，分别为 152.52 和 84.94 km3。灌溉面积越大、人口越多的流域，水库调节蓄水量越高。不同流域水库的归一化蓄水量（NS）在空间上存在较大差异，南方大部分流域的归一化蓄水量高于北方。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogeochemical processes of As enrichment and migration in the Surface’s critical zone of the Shiquan River basin in the western Qinghai–Tibet Plateau 青藏高原西部石泉河流域地表临界区 As 富集和迁移的水文地质化学过程

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132305

Qingshan Li , Xiaobing Kang , Mo Xu , Ke Li , Kun Zhu

The enrichment of As in the western Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its surrounding basins has been widely reported. However, the spatial distribution of arsenic content in the Surface’s Critical Zone (SCZ) of the Shiquan River Basin in the western Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is poorly understood, as is the mechanisms through which water–rock interactions and surface water-groundwater interactions influence arsenic enrichment and migration. In this study, the contents of arsenic and other chemical components in surface water, groundwater, sediment, soil, and rock in the Shiquan River Basin were analyzed to investigate the hydrogeochemical process of arsenic migration. The results indicate that the concentration ratios of HCO₃^–/(Na⁺+K⁺), Ca²⁺/(Na⁺+K⁺), Na⁺/(Na⁺+Ca²⁺) and δ¹⁸O in the surface water of the Shiquan River Basin vary along the runoff path. Carbonate and silicate weathering dominate the middle and upper reaches, while evaporite dissolution gradually increases in the lower reaches. Arsenic is enriched in rocks, soil, surface water, and groundwater in the SCZ, with slightly higher concentrations found in the surface water, sediment, and soil in the middle reaches than in the upper and lower reaches. This spatial distribution suggested that the hydrogeochemical processes along the runoff path controlled the distribution of As in the basin. Water–rock interactions and hot spring discharge of arsenic-bearing minerals contributed to its enrichment in the basin, while adsorption by riverbed sediment led to the gradual decay of dissolved arsenic. The underlying aquifer (alluvial-diluvial layer) recharged by surface water is the main source of high arsenic concentration in groundwater. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for studying arsenic in similar high-arsenic basins worldwide.

青藏高原西部及其周边盆地的砷富集现象已被广泛报道。然而，人们对青藏高原西部石泉河流域地表临界区（SCZ）砷含量的空间分布以及水-岩相互作用和地表水-地下水相互作用影响砷富集和迁移的机制了解甚少。本研究分析了石泉河流域地表水、地下水、沉积物、土壤和岩石中砷及其他化学成分的含量，探讨了砷迁移的水文地球化学过程。结果表明，石泉河流域地表水中的 HCO3-/(Na++K+)、Ca2+/(Na++K+)、Na+/(Na++Ca2+)和 δ18O 的浓度比沿径流路径变化。中上游以碳酸盐和硅酸盐风化为主，下游蒸发岩溶解逐渐增加。砷在南华区的岩石、土壤、地表水和地下水中富集，中游地表水、沉积物和土壤中的砷浓度略高于上游和下游。这种空间分布表明，沿径流路径的水文地质化学过程控制了砷在盆地中的分布。水与岩石之间的相互作用以及温泉中含砷矿物的排放导致了砷在盆地中的富集，而河床沉积物的吸附则导致了溶解砷的逐渐衰减。由地表水补给的底层含水层（冲积-冲积层）是地下水中砷浓度较高的主要来源。这项研究的结果可为全球类似高砷盆地的砷研究提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of stress history on the critical shear stress of bedload transport in gravel-bed streams 应力历史对砾石床溪流床面负荷迁移临界剪应力的影响

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132208

Haoqi Yang , Xinqi Hu , Sen Wang , Kai Cheng , Ming Luo , Haizhou Wang , Jiahao Shi

Critical shear stress is a pivotal parameter that describes the bedload transport and riverbed stability. Recent studies indicate that different interevent periods in gravel-bed streams can lead to a realignment of riverbed structures, thereby disrupting the bedload transport. In this research, a series of flume experiments were conducted to study the effect of stress history on the critical shear stress of bedload transport in a gravel-bed channel. The results reveal the temporal-spatial variation patterns of critical shear stress. The critical shear stress has an increased trend after interevent with low flow and long duration. Conversely, a decreasing trend in critical shear stress observed after low flow and short duration conditions. After interevent durations with medium to high flow condition, no matter the duration, critical shear stress shows a decreasing trend. A significant positive correlation between the flow magnitude of the interevent period and the critical shear stress of the subsequent flood period is shown. Besides, critical shear stress has a significant spatial variation pattern on the gravel bed due to the presence of microtopography as revealed by the correlation analysis results among the spatial density of microtopography with different protrusion heights, riverbed statistical parameters, and critical shear stress. Moreover, the stress history, by adjusting the position of fine particles on the riverbed surface through different magnitudes and durations of the interevent period, affects the spatial density of the microtopography, thereby influencing the critical shear stress. The conventional bedload transport equations are deficit by only considering the riverbed slope or standard deviation of bed surface elevation. An optimization of the critical shear stress calculation method, based on parameter correlation analysis, is proposed, potentially enhancing the calculation accuracy of bedload transport in mountainous rivers.

临界剪应力是描述床面负荷运移和河床稳定性的关键参数。最近的研究表明，砾石河床河流中不同的侵蚀期会导致河床结构的重新调整，从而破坏床面输运。本研究进行了一系列水槽实验，以研究应力历史对砾石河道中床载荷运移临界剪应力的影响。结果揭示了临界剪应力的时空变化规律。临界剪应力在低流量、长持续时间的事件发生后呈上升趋势。相反，在流量小、持续时间短的情况下，临界剪应力呈下降趋势。在中高流量条件下的干预持续时间后，无论持续时间长短，临界剪切应力都呈下降趋势。事件间歇期的流量大小与随后洪水期的临界剪应力之间存在明显的正相关关系。此外，不同突出高度的微地形空间密度、河床统计参数和临界剪应力之间的相关性分析结果表明，由于微地形的存在，临界剪应力在砾石河床上具有显著的空间变化规律。此外，应力历史通过事件间期的不同大小和持续时间来调整细颗粒在河床表面的位置，从而影响微地形的空间密度，进而影响临界剪应力。传统的床面荷载输运方程仅考虑河床坡度或床面高程的标准偏差。本文提出了一种基于参数相关性分析的临界剪应力优化计算方法，有望提高山区河流的床面荷载运移计算精度。

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引用次数: 0