Land surface models have facilitated the estimation of soil moisture over a range of spatiotemporal scales. However, limitations in model parameterization and under-representation of anthropogenic processes restrict their ability to estimate local-scale soil moisture variability, especially over irrigated areas. Assimilation of satellite-based soil moisture retrievals into land surface models can be a viable approach to overcome these constraints, specially over highly irrigated countries such as India, where such applications are rare. Additionally, large-scale validation of modeled soil moisture has been limited over India till now due to lack of a representative station network. By assimilating Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)-based estimates into the state-of-the-art Indian Land Data Assimilation System (ILDAS) and combining with a new soil moisture station network of more than 200 stations, this study demonstrates improved soil moisture estimations and capture of irrigation signals over the region. The Noah-MP land surface model is forced by multiple local and global meteorological datasets and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is used for assimilation of soil moisture. Comparison of open-loop and data assimilated soil moisture against station soil moisture data shows relative spatial mean improvement of 0.0178 in correlation and 0.0029 m3/m3 in RMSE. Further statistical comparison with in-situ data has also shown better results over most of the stations, as evident from improved correlations and reduced unbiased RMSE after assimilation. Finally, the climatology of soil moisture over the different irrigation fractions reveals that data assimilated outputs over irrigated grid cells tend to have higher soil moisture during dry winter season, demonstrating the ability to capture irrigation signals. These findings quantify the value of data assimilation in improving soil moisture estimates and the ability to capture unmodeled processes such as irrigation, which lays the science groundwork for upcoming space missions such as NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR).
{"title":"Improved soil moisture estimation and detection of irrigation signal by incorporating SMAP soil moisture into the Indian Land Data Assimilation System (ILDAS)","authors":"Arijit Chakraborty , Manabendra Saharia , Sumedha Chakma , Dharmendra Kumar Pandey , Kondapalli Niranjan Kumar , Praveen K. Thakur , Sujay Kumar , Augusto Getirana","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Land surface models have facilitated the estimation of soil moisture over a range of spatiotemporal scales. However, limitations in model parameterization and under-representation of anthropogenic processes restrict their ability to estimate local-scale soil moisture variability, especially over irrigated areas. Assimilation of satellite-based soil moisture retrievals into land surface models can be a viable approach to overcome these constraints, specially over highly irrigated countries such as India, where such applications are rare. Additionally, large-scale validation of modeled soil moisture has been limited over India till now due to lack of a representative station network. By assimilating Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)-based estimates into the state-of-the-art Indian Land Data Assimilation System (ILDAS) and combining with a new soil moisture station network of more than 200 stations, this study demonstrates improved soil moisture estimations and capture of irrigation signals over the region. The Noah-MP land surface model is forced by multiple local and global meteorological datasets and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is used for assimilation of soil moisture. Comparison of open-loop and data assimilated soil moisture against station soil moisture data shows relative spatial mean improvement of 0.0178 in correlation and 0.0029 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> in RMSE. Further statistical comparison with in-situ data has also shown better results over most of the stations, as evident from improved correlations and reduced unbiased RMSE after assimilation. Finally, the climatology of soil moisture over the different irrigation fractions reveals that data assimilated outputs over irrigated grid cells tend to have higher soil moisture during dry winter season, demonstrating the ability to capture irrigation signals. These findings quantify the value of data assimilation in improving soil moisture estimates and the ability to capture unmodeled processes such as irrigation, which lays the science groundwork for upcoming space missions such as NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131487
Rafia Belhajjam , Abdelaziz Chaqdid , Naji Yebari , Mohammed Seaid , Nabil El Moçayd
This study develops a class of robust models for flood risk mapping in highly vulnerable regions by focusing on accurately depicting extreme precipitation patterns aligned with regional climates. By implementing sophisticated hydrodynamics modeling and advanced probabilistic approaches, the present work underscores the efficacy of physical-based methodologies in the flood risk assessment. We propose a machine learning based ExGAN to address the challenge of synthesizing extreme precipitation scenarios which faithfully capture the nuances of local climatology. It is expected that through refined temporal disaggregation, the ExGAN approach exhibits exceptional proficiency in replicating a diverse spectrum of extreme precipitation patterns specific to the vulnerable region under scrutiny. Therefore, using these synthesized scenarios as inputs in a meticulously calibrated hydrological model would enable a comprehensive and detailed flood risk mapping exercise. To demonstrate the robustness of the developed mode, we perform a rigorous testing and validation within the highly susceptible Martil river basin, situated in the northern Mediterranean region of Morocco. The obtained results confirm that extending return periods would provide invaluable insights into the expanding geographical expanse of at-risk areas, clarifying the evolving landscape of vulnerability rather than merely amplifying inherent risk levels. Comparisons against the conventional Monte-Carlo sampling are also carried out in this study and the obtained results highlight significant overestimations within the latter, emphasizing the imperative need to account for diverse uncertainties beyond the basic sampling strategies within the realm of hydrodynamic modeling.
{"title":"Climate-informed flood risk mapping using a GAN-based approach (ExGAN)","authors":"Rafia Belhajjam , Abdelaziz Chaqdid , Naji Yebari , Mohammed Seaid , Nabil El Moçayd","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops a class of robust models for flood risk mapping in highly vulnerable regions by focusing on accurately depicting extreme precipitation patterns aligned with regional climates. By implementing sophisticated hydrodynamics modeling and advanced probabilistic approaches, the present work underscores the efficacy of physical-based methodologies in the flood risk assessment. We propose a machine learning based ExGAN to address the challenge of synthesizing extreme precipitation scenarios which faithfully capture the nuances of local climatology. It is expected that through refined temporal disaggregation, the ExGAN approach exhibits exceptional proficiency in replicating a diverse spectrum of extreme precipitation patterns specific to the vulnerable region under scrutiny. Therefore, using these synthesized scenarios as inputs in a meticulously calibrated hydrological model would enable a comprehensive and detailed flood risk mapping exercise. To demonstrate the robustness of the developed mode, we perform a rigorous testing and validation within the highly susceptible Martil river basin, situated in the northern Mediterranean region of Morocco. The obtained results confirm that extending return periods would provide invaluable insights into the expanding geographical expanse of at-risk areas, clarifying the evolving landscape of vulnerability rather than merely amplifying inherent risk levels. Comparisons against the conventional Monte-Carlo sampling are also carried out in this study and the obtained results highlight significant overestimations within the latter, emphasizing the imperative need to account for diverse uncertainties beyond the basic sampling strategies within the realm of hydrodynamic modeling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study proposes a novel method of computing river discharge based on the maximum surface velocity recorded using a non-contact-based measurement at a singular water surface point. This location, generally, coincides with the maximum flow depth of the cross-section and accounts for the dip phenomena, where the maximum instream velocity occurs below the water surface. The method is based on information entropy theory developed by Shannon (1948) and applied to river hydraulics. In this study an alternate form of entropy is used to compute discharge as a function of the cross-sectional mean velocity, maximum velocity and shear velocity (Keulegan,1938) by minimizing the error of the state equilibrium constant, , which is the ratio between the mean and maximum flow velocity, and that estimated using the Keulegan-based relationship. To test the accuracy of the proposed method, the maximum surface flow velocities measured at two gauging stations, each located on two different Italian rivers were studied. The estimated discharges by the proposed method were found to be comparable with the existing non-contact discharge method advocated by Moramarco et al. (2017) and, the traditional velocity-area method, using, e.g., the mean-section approach, based on the following metrics: the Nash-sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of correlation and the percent bias (PBIAS). The mean velocity error emulates a Gaussian distribution for both the gauging stations and was within 95% and 5% confidance levels. Further, the entropy-based velocity profiles generated by the proposed method at the y-axis are consistent with those of the depth-based velocity profiles observed by the mechanical-current meter, thus, proving the appropriateness of the proposed discharge estimation method.
{"title":"Non-contact discharge estimation at a river site by using only the maximum surface flow velocity","authors":"Jitendra Kumar Vyas , Muthiah Perumal , Tommaso Moramarco","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study proposes a novel method of computing river discharge based on the maximum surface velocity recorded using a non-contact-based measurement at a singular water surface point. This location, generally, coincides with the maximum flow depth of the cross-section and accounts for the dip phenomena, where the maximum instream velocity occurs below the water surface. The method is based on information entropy theory developed by <span>Shannon (1948)</span> and applied to river hydraulics. In this study an alternate form of entropy is used to compute discharge as a function of the cross-sectional mean velocity, maximum velocity and shear velocity (<span>Keulegan,1938</span>) by minimizing the error of the state equilibrium constant, <span><math><mrow><mi>Φ</mi><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mrow></math></span>, which is the ratio between the mean and maximum flow velocity, and that estimated using the Keulegan-based relationship. To test the accuracy of the proposed method, the maximum surface flow velocities measured at two gauging stations, each located on two different Italian rivers were studied. The estimated discharges by the proposed method were found to be comparable with the existing non-contact discharge method advocated by <span>Moramarco et al. (2017)</span> and, the traditional velocity-area method, using, e.g., the mean-section approach, based on the following metrics: the Nash-sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of correlation and the percent bias (PBIAS). The mean velocity error emulates a Gaussian distribution for both the gauging stations and was within 95% and 5% confidance levels. Further, the entropy-based velocity profiles generated by the proposed method at the y-axis are consistent with those of the depth-based velocity profiles observed by the mechanical-current meter, thus, proving the appropriateness of the proposed discharge estimation method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131580
Danyi Shen , Zhenming Shi , Jiangtao Yang , Hongchao Zheng , Fengjin Zhu
Landslide dams are composed of wide-graded materials characterized by nonuniform structures that govern breaching mechanisms. However, investigations of the failure characteristics of single-structure dams with different material compositions and inverse grading structure dams remain insufficient. In this study, a series of flume experiments are conducted to investigate the influences of noncohesive dam materials and inverse grading structures on the breaching mechanisms, hydraulic characteristics and residual dam parameters during and after landslide dam failures. The results indicate that the dam breach process is controlled by the material composition and dam structure. A coarse-grained dam remains stable with seepage, a medium-grained dam fails by headcutting and backwards erosion, and a fine-grained dam fails due to layered erosion. An inverse grading dam with coarse-grained overburden features backwards erosion or a combination of sliding and backwards erosion, while a dam with medium-grained overburden fails by headcutting and backwards erosion. The maximum erosion rate occurs at the accelerated breaching stage for single-structure dams and at the initial overtopping or accelerated breaching stage for inverse grading structure dams. Four longitudinal evolution patterns are extracted based on the breach process and erosion characteristics. In addition, the outflow discharge during dam failure can be estimated by measuring the breach width, which is defined as the straight line distance between the ends of the breach crest at the overflow face. Both the peak discharge and residual dam parameters for single-structure dams are sensitive to the median diameter of the material. These parameters of inverse grading structure dams fall within the range of values observed for dams formed by the top layer material and the bottom layer material. The initial overtopping and backwards erosion stages account for 10%–35% and 36%–66% of the total breach duration for single-structure and inverse grading structure dams, respectively. Serious errors in the prediction of breach parameters can occur when top layer materials are considered to characterize the material of inverse grading structure dams.
{"title":"Qualitative analysis of the overtopping-induced failure of noncohesive landslide dams: Effect of material composition and dam structure on breach mechanisms","authors":"Danyi Shen , Zhenming Shi , Jiangtao Yang , Hongchao Zheng , Fengjin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslide dams are composed of wide-graded materials characterized by nonuniform structures that govern breaching mechanisms. However, investigations of the failure characteristics of single-structure dams with different material compositions and inverse grading structure dams remain insufficient. In this study, a series of flume experiments are conducted to investigate the influences of noncohesive dam materials and inverse grading structures on the breaching mechanisms, hydraulic characteristics and residual dam parameters during and after landslide dam failures. The results indicate that the dam breach process is controlled by the material composition and dam structure. A coarse-grained dam remains stable with seepage, a medium-grained dam fails by headcutting and backwards erosion, and a fine-grained dam fails due to layered erosion. An inverse grading dam with coarse-grained overburden features backwards erosion or a combination of sliding and backwards erosion, while a dam with medium-grained overburden fails by headcutting and backwards erosion. The maximum erosion rate occurs at the accelerated breaching stage for single-structure dams and at the initial overtopping or accelerated breaching stage for inverse grading structure dams. Four longitudinal evolution patterns are extracted based on the breach process and erosion characteristics. In addition, the outflow discharge during dam failure can be estimated by measuring the breach width, which is defined as the straight line distance between the ends of the breach crest at the overflow face. Both the peak discharge and residual dam parameters for single-structure dams are sensitive to the median diameter of the material. These parameters of inverse grading structure dams fall within the range of values observed for dams formed by the top layer material and the bottom layer material. The initial overtopping and backwards erosion stages account for 10%–35% and 36%–66% of the total breach duration for single-structure and inverse grading structure dams, respectively. Serious errors in the prediction of breach parameters can occur when top layer materials are considered to characterize the material of inverse grading structure dams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131538
Yiming Hu , Ziheng Cao , Yu Chen , Jian Hu , Jukun Guo , Zhongmin Liang
Impacts of climate change and human activities may lead to changes in the spatiotemporal composition of the design flood as well as its size. Previous studies mainly focused on changes in design flood size, while there has been relatively little research on changes in its regional composition. In this study, a nonstationary multi-site design flood estimation method is developed, which is useful for the design flood regional composition analysis under nonstationary conditions. Dynamic copula models are first constructed to analyze the change in the joint distribution of the nonstationary multi-site flood variables with the consideration of the nonstationarity of the marginal distribution and copula structure parameters. Then the design flood combinations in multi-site for a specified design standard are calculated by comprehensively applying the equivalent reliability method, the expectation conditional and the most-likely conditional combination strategies, which considers the future precipitation change and design lifespan length impacts on the design flood. Finally, the uncertainty of the multi-site design flood estimation caused by the model parameters uncertainty is evaluated. A case study, based on the annual maximum 7-day (AM7) flood volume in the Yichang (YC) and Cuntan (CT) sites, is conducted to illustrate this method. Results show that flood quantiles in the YC and CT sites exhibit an increasing trend as the precipitation projections will increase in the future, but the flood quantiles in the YC site are less compared to the historical period because of the huge regulation and storage effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir. In addition, the design flood combination in the CT and YC sites are calculated and the CT design floods from the expectation combination strategy are bigger than those provided by the most-likely combination strategy.
{"title":"Nonstationary multi-site design flood estimation and application to design flood regional composition analysis","authors":"Yiming Hu , Ziheng Cao , Yu Chen , Jian Hu , Jukun Guo , Zhongmin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Impacts of climate change and human activities may lead to changes in the spatiotemporal composition of the design flood as well as its size. Previous studies mainly focused on changes in design flood size, while there has been relatively little research on changes in its regional composition. In this study, a nonstationary multi-site design flood estimation method is developed, which is useful for the design flood regional composition analysis under nonstationary conditions. Dynamic copula models are first constructed to analyze the change in the joint distribution of the nonstationary multi-site flood variables with the consideration of the nonstationarity of the marginal distribution and copula structure parameters. Then the design flood combinations in multi-site for a specified design standard are calculated by comprehensively applying the equivalent reliability method, the expectation conditional and the most-likely conditional combination strategies, which considers the future precipitation change and design lifespan length impacts on the design flood. Finally, the uncertainty of the multi-site design flood estimation caused by the model parameters uncertainty is evaluated. A case study, based on the annual maximum 7-day (AM7) flood volume in the Yichang (YC) and Cuntan (CT) sites, is conducted to illustrate this method. Results show that flood quantiles in the YC and CT sites exhibit an increasing trend as the precipitation projections will increase in the future, but the flood quantiles in the YC site are less compared to the historical period because of the huge regulation and storage effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir. In addition, the design flood combination in the CT and YC sites are calculated and the CT design floods from the expectation combination strategy are bigger than those provided by the most-likely combination strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131571
Asid Ur Rehman , Vassilis Glenis , Elizabeth Lewis , Chris Kilsby
Designing city-scale Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) for flood risk management requires detailed and robust methods. This is due to the complex interaction of flow pathways and the need to assess cost-benefit trade-offs for various BGI options. This study aims to find a cost-effective BGI placement scheme by developing an improved approach called the Cost OptimisatioN Framework for Implementing blue-Green infrastructURE (CONFIGURE). The optimisation framework integrates a detailed hydrodynamic flood simulation model with a multi-objective optimisation algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II). The use of a high-resolution flood simulation model ensures the explicit representation of BGI and other land use features to simulate flow pathways and surface flood risk accurately, while the optimisation algorithm guarantees achieving the best cost-benefit trade-offs for given BGI options. The current study uses the advanced CityCAT hydrodynamic flood model to evaluate the efficiency of the optimisation framework and the impact of location and size of permeable interventions on the optimisation process and subsequent cost-benefit trade-offs. This is achieved by dividing permeable surface areas into intervention zones of varying size and quantity. Furthermore, rainstorm events with 100-year and 30-year return periods are analysed to identify any common optimal solutions for different rainfall intensities. Depending on the number of intervention locations, the automated framework reliably achieves optimal BGI implementation solutions in a fraction of the time required to find the best solutions by trialling all possible options. Designing and optimising interventions with smaller sizes but many permeable zones save a good fraction of investment. However, such a design scheme requires more computational time to find optimal options. Furthermore, the optimal spatial configuration of BGI varies with different rainstorm severities, suggesting a need for careful selection of the rainstorm return period. Based on the results, CONFIGURE shows promise in devising sustainable urban flood risk management designs.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimisation framework for Blue-Green Infrastructure placement using detailed flood model","authors":"Asid Ur Rehman , Vassilis Glenis , Elizabeth Lewis , Chris Kilsby","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Designing city-scale Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) for flood risk management requires detailed and robust methods. This is due to the complex interaction of flow pathways and the need to assess cost-benefit trade-offs for various BGI options. This study aims to find a cost-effective BGI placement scheme by developing an improved approach called the Cost OptimisatioN Framework for Implementing blue-Green infrastructURE (CONFIGURE). The optimisation framework integrates a detailed hydrodynamic flood simulation model with a multi-objective optimisation algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II). The use of a high-resolution flood simulation model ensures the explicit representation of BGI and other land use features to simulate flow pathways and surface flood risk accurately, while the optimisation algorithm guarantees achieving the best cost-benefit trade-offs for given BGI options. The current study uses the advanced CityCAT hydrodynamic flood model to evaluate the efficiency of the optimisation framework and the impact of location and size of permeable interventions on the optimisation process and subsequent cost-benefit trade-offs. This is achieved by dividing permeable surface areas into intervention zones of varying size and quantity. Furthermore, rainstorm events with 100-year and 30-year return periods are analysed to identify any common optimal solutions for different rainfall intensities. Depending on the number of intervention locations, the automated framework reliably achieves optimal BGI implementation solutions in a fraction of the time required to find the best solutions by trialling all possible options. Designing and optimising interventions with smaller sizes but many permeable zones save a good fraction of investment. However, such a design scheme requires more computational time to find optimal options. Furthermore, the optimal spatial configuration of BGI varies with different rainstorm severities, suggesting a need for careful selection of the rainstorm return period. Based on the results, CONFIGURE shows promise in devising sustainable urban flood risk management designs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169424009673/pdfft?md5=bad3200fcd55aaf2e1571598958fb66f&pid=1-s2.0-S0022169424009673-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131524
Runhai Feng , Saleh Nasser
Fractures and their geometrical patterns are usually required to analyze the mechanical and flow properties of porous media in the subsurface. Fracture characterization is therefore regarded of crucial importance for optimizing production management or achieving maximum storage capacity. In this research, we propose to invert the fracture networks under the Bayesian framework for the uncertainty quantification. In particular, the number of fractures in the modelling system is treated as unknown, leading to a trans-dimensional inverse problem, and the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is applied to sample the model space with possible model moves proposed in the sampling process. A deep learning network is further applied as a surrogate model in the sampling process for increasing the computational efficiency, instead of using the physical forward simulator. We apply the proposed methodology to estimate the spatial distribution of fracture networks based on the head measurements from the steady-state flow simulation. The prior distributions of fracture parameters such as position, orientation and length are described using the discrete fracture networks approach that is deeply rooted in stochastic modelling. Due to the high non-uniqueness, the correct spatial distribution of fracture patterns cannot be successfully recovered in this case study, even a good match between observed and simulated head data is reached. More analysis could be performed in the future with the production historical data or more informative priors.
{"title":"A deep learning-based surrogate model for trans-dimensional inversion of discrete fracture networks","authors":"Runhai Feng , Saleh Nasser","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fractures and their geometrical patterns are usually required to analyze the mechanical and flow properties of porous media in the subsurface. Fracture characterization is therefore regarded of crucial importance for optimizing production management or achieving maximum storage capacity. In this research, we propose to invert the fracture networks under the Bayesian framework for the uncertainty quantification. In particular, the number of fractures in the modelling system is treated as unknown, leading to a trans-dimensional inverse problem, and the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is applied to sample the model space with possible model moves proposed in the sampling process. A deep learning network is further applied as a surrogate model in the sampling process for increasing the computational efficiency, instead of using the physical forward simulator. We apply the proposed methodology to estimate the spatial distribution of fracture networks based on the head measurements from the steady-state flow simulation. The prior distributions of fracture parameters such as position, orientation and length are described using the discrete fracture networks approach that is deeply rooted in stochastic modelling. Due to the high non-uniqueness, the correct spatial distribution of fracture patterns cannot be successfully recovered in this case study, even a good match between observed and simulated head data is reached. More analysis could be performed in the future with the production historical data or more informative priors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131556
Pingping Shao , Jun Feng , Jiamin Lu , Zhixian Tang
The existing medium and long-term runoff prediction methods, which are based on data-driven and knowledge-guided methods, are associated with inherent limitations, and chaotic phenomena in runoff prediction models often leads to oscillation in the prediction error, affecting the robustness of the prediction. A knowledge-guided denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DK-RDDPM) that introduces physical theory to guide constraint quantification and obtain effective runoff uncertainty prediction results is therefore proposed in this study. The main advantage of this model is that the physical randomness in the runoff prediction process can be captured and combined with the Saint-Venant process to guide model optimization and realize more accurate medium- and long-term runoff prediction. The main contributions of this study are the establishment of a dynamic runoff probabilistic prediction model with stochastic quantification characteristics that includes the prediction uncertainty over time, and modelling of the physical constraint boundary of runoff prediction from the perspective of partial differentiation. The effectiveness of the DK-RDDPM was verified by predicting runoff in the Qijiang and Tunxi Basins in China. The results show that: 1) Encoding the physical random uncertainty operator in runoff prediction into the network of the denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) effectively captures the physically complex implicit randomness of the process, thus reducing the error that results from randomness in runoff prediction. 2) The constraint matrix that is formed using the Saint-Venant equation and the prediction matrix are layered and projected, with the fluctuation range of the constraints in each step adjusted in the optimization direction within a certain random threshold range. 3) The DK-RDDPM shows superior performance to the benchmark models, even under the influence of different noise interference factors.
{"title":"Data-driven and knowledge-guided denoising diffusion probabilistic model for runoff uncertainty prediction","authors":"Pingping Shao , Jun Feng , Jiamin Lu , Zhixian Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The existing medium and long-term runoff prediction methods, which are based on data-driven and knowledge-guided methods, are associated with inherent limitations, and chaotic phenomena in runoff prediction models often leads to oscillation in the prediction error, affecting the robustness of the prediction. A knowledge-guided denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DK-RDDPM) that introduces physical theory to guide constraint quantification and obtain effective runoff uncertainty prediction results is therefore proposed in this study. The main advantage of this model is that the physical randomness in the runoff prediction process can be captured and combined with the Saint-Venant process to guide model optimization and realize more accurate medium- and long-term runoff prediction. The main contributions of this study are the establishment of a dynamic runoff probabilistic prediction model with stochastic quantification characteristics that includes the prediction uncertainty over time, and modelling of the physical constraint boundary of runoff prediction from the perspective of partial differentiation. The effectiveness of the DK-RDDPM was verified by predicting runoff in the Qijiang and Tunxi Basins in China. The results show that: 1) Encoding the physical random uncertainty operator in runoff prediction into the network of the denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) effectively captures the physically complex implicit randomness of the process, thus reducing the error that results from randomness in runoff prediction. 2) The constraint matrix that is formed using the Saint-Venant equation and the prediction matrix are layered and projected, with the fluctuation range of the constraints in each step adjusted in the optimization direction within a certain random threshold range. 3) The DK-RDDPM shows superior performance to the benchmark models, even under the influence of different noise interference factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131585
Zhixin Zhang, Yang Xian, Xue Ping, Menggui Jin, Huirong Guo
The hyporheic zones (HZs) are key sites of the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent ozone-depleting greenhouse gas. Denitrification is the primary process of N2O production in HZs, including four reduction steps (NO3−→NO2−→NO→N2O→N2). Electron competition occurs between the four reduction steps and can significantly impact the production of N2O. However, denitrification was typically considered as simplified two step reactions for investigating the release of N2O, neglecting the electron competition among the four-step reactions. Moreover, the N2O production/consumption patterns are regulated by both hydraulic and biogeochemical conditions in HZs. Dynamic microbial growth cannot only mediate the biogeochemical reactions, but also change hydraulic properties spatiotemporally by bioclogging. But microbial growth is rarely considered for investigating N2O dynamics of HZs. To assess these effects on hyporheic N2O dynamics and source-sink function, we establish a novel numerical model of N2O dynamics of HZs, coupling porous flow, reactive transport, electron competition, microbial growth and bioclogging. The results show that the weak electron competitiveness of N2O reductase results in a less allocation of electrons to the N2O reduction process, particularly in situations with limited carbon sources, thus increasing the release of N2O into the rives. Microbial growth significantly influences N2O release from HZs into rivers, increasing by more than two orders of magnitude on average compared to the model neglecting microbial dynamics. In contrast to the classical knowledges that HZs in coarse sediments tending to short residence time cannot act as sources of N2O, dynamic microbial growth obviously increases the potential for N2O release from HZs in coarse sediments to the rivers. The global Monte Carlo regional sensitivity analyses indicate that microbial biomass is the most critical factor determined the hyporheic source-sink function for N2O, followed by carbon oxidation rate and residence time. These are significantly different from previous knowledge that the residence time and oxygen/nitrogen uptake rate are the most sensitive parameters, which may lead to misunderstanding of the key controlling factors of N2O release from HZs. In addition, we propose a new Damköhler number () of dissolved oxygen by multiplying the classical with a dimensionless microbial modification factor for identifying N2O source-sink function of HZs, wit
水下带(HZs)是产生一氧化二氮(NO)的主要场所,而一氧化二氮是一种强效的臭氧消耗温室气体。反硝化作用是 HZs 中产生一氧化二氮的主要过程,包括四个还原步骤(NO→NO→NO→NO→N)。电子竞争发生在四个还原步骤之间,会对 NO 的产生产生重大影响。然而,在研究 NO 释放时,通常将脱硝视为简化的两步反应,而忽略了四步反应之间的电子竞争。此外,氮氧化物的产生/消耗模式受 HZs 中水力和生物地球化学条件的双重调节。微生物的动态生长不仅能调节生物地球化学反应,还能通过生物积木作用改变水力特性的时空分布。但在研究 HZ 的 NO 动态时,很少考虑微生物的生长。为了评估这些因素对水体 NO 动力学和源汇功能的影响,我们建立了一个新的 HZs NO 动力学数值模型,将多孔流、反应传输、电子竞争、微生物生长和生物积涝耦合在一起。结果表明,NO 还原酶的弱电子竞争性导致分配给 NO 还原过程的电子减少,特别是在碳源有限的情况下,从而增加了 NO 向河道的释放。微生物的生长极大地影响了 HZs 向河流中的 NO 释放量,与忽略微生物动态的模型相比,平均增加了两个数量级以上。传统知识认为,停留时间较短的粗沉积物中的 HZs 不能成为 NO 的来源,而微生物的动态生长明显增加了粗沉积物中 HZs 向河流释放 NO 的可能性。全球蒙特卡洛区域敏感性分析表明,微生物生物量是决定水下 NO 源-汇函数的最关键因素,其次是碳氧化率和停留时间。这与以往认为滞留时间和氧/氮吸收率是最敏感参数的观点大相径庭,可能会导致对 HZs NO 释放关键控制因素的误解。此外,我们提出了一个新的溶解氧达姆克勒数(),将经典值与无量纲微生物修饰因子相乘,以确定 HZs 的 NO 源汇函数,其中 1 代表 NO 源。
{"title":"Effect of microbial growth and electron competition on nitrous oxide source and sink function of hyporheic zones","authors":"Zhixin Zhang, Yang Xian, Xue Ping, Menggui Jin, Huirong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hyporheic zones (HZs) are key sites of the production of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), a potent ozone-depleting greenhouse gas. Denitrification is the primary process of N<sub>2</sub>O production in HZs, including four reduction steps (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>→NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>→NO→N<sub>2</sub>O→N<sub>2</sub>). Electron competition occurs between the four reduction steps and can significantly impact the production of N<sub>2</sub>O. However, denitrification was typically considered as simplified two step reactions for investigating the release of N<sub>2</sub>O, neglecting the electron competition among the four-step reactions. Moreover, the N<sub>2</sub>O production/consumption patterns are regulated by both hydraulic and biogeochemical conditions in HZs. Dynamic microbial growth cannot only mediate the biogeochemical reactions, but also change hydraulic properties spatiotemporally by bioclogging. But microbial growth is rarely considered for investigating N<sub>2</sub>O dynamics of HZs. To assess these effects on hyporheic N<sub>2</sub>O dynamics and source-sink function, we establish a novel numerical model of N<sub>2</sub>O dynamics of HZs, coupling porous flow, reactive transport, electron competition, microbial growth and bioclogging. The results show that the weak electron competitiveness of N<sub>2</sub>O reductase results in a less allocation of electrons to the N<sub>2</sub>O reduction process, particularly in situations with limited carbon sources, thus increasing the release of N<sub>2</sub>O into the rives. Microbial growth significantly influences N<sub>2</sub>O release from HZs into rivers, increasing by more than two orders of magnitude on average compared to the model neglecting microbial dynamics. In contrast to the classical knowledges that HZs in coarse sediments tending to short residence time cannot act as sources of N<sub>2</sub>O, dynamic microbial growth obviously increases the potential for N<sub>2</sub>O release from HZs in coarse sediments to the rivers. The global Monte Carlo regional sensitivity analyses indicate that microbial biomass is the most critical factor determined the hyporheic source-sink function for N<sub>2</sub>O, followed by carbon oxidation rate and residence time. These are significantly different from previous knowledge that the residence time and oxygen/nitrogen uptake rate are the most sensitive parameters, which may lead to misunderstanding of the key controlling factors of N<sub>2</sub>O release from HZs. In addition, we propose a new Damköhler number (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>Da</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) of dissolved oxygen by multiplying the classical <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Da</mi></mrow><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub></mrow></math></span> with a dimensionless microbial modification factor for identifying N<sub>2</sub>O source-sink function of HZs, wit","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131561
Shengjie Wang , Yudong Shi , Meng Xing , Huawu Wu , Hongxi Pang , Shijun Lei , Liwei Wang , Mingjun Zhang
In global hydrological circulation, evaporation widely occurs from the land, the oceans, and other water surfaces. Compared to the evaporation from open water, the below-cloud evaporation of falling raindrops is more difficult to quantify. As an alternative to the traditional microphysical model, the difference in stable water isotopes between water vapour and precipitation provides a new perspective to estimate the raindrop mass loss. According to the recent observations of stable isotopes in near-surface water vapour and precipitation in five sampling stations from humid to arid climates in East Asia, we quantified the below-cloud evaporation of raindrops using both a microphysical model and an isotope inversion model. The results indicate that the isotope inversion model, relative to the microphysical model, usually underestimates the impact of below-cloud evaporation on precipitation, especially in arid inland. The sensitivity test of the two models to errors in climatic factors shows that the microphysical model was more sensitive to errors in temperature and relative humidity than the isotope inversion model. We also plot the ranges that the isotope inversion model has solutions under various meteorological and isotope inputs. The findings are useful for understanding the atmospheric processes below the cloud base and the comparability of different methods in quantifying below-cloud evaporation.
{"title":"Quantifying the below-cloud evaporation of raindrops using near-surface water vapour isotopes: Applications in humid and arid climates in East Asia","authors":"Shengjie Wang , Yudong Shi , Meng Xing , Huawu Wu , Hongxi Pang , Shijun Lei , Liwei Wang , Mingjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In global hydrological circulation, evaporation widely occurs from the land, the oceans, and other water surfaces. Compared to the evaporation from open water, the below-cloud evaporation of falling raindrops is more difficult to quantify. As an alternative to the traditional microphysical model, the difference in stable water isotopes between water vapour and precipitation provides a new perspective to estimate the raindrop mass loss. According to the recent observations of stable isotopes in near-surface water vapour and precipitation in five sampling stations from humid to arid climates in East Asia, we quantified the below-cloud evaporation of raindrops using both a microphysical model and an isotope inversion model. The results indicate that the isotope inversion model, relative to the microphysical model, usually underestimates the impact of below-cloud evaporation on precipitation, especially in arid inland. The sensitivity test of the two models to errors in climatic factors shows that the microphysical model was more sensitive to errors in temperature and relative humidity than the isotope inversion model. We also plot the ranges that the isotope inversion model has solutions under various meteorological and isotope inputs. The findings are useful for understanding the atmospheric processes below the cloud base and the comparability of different methods in quantifying below-cloud evaporation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141463802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}