{"title":"Detecting dynamic structural evolution based on in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction technology for sodium layered oxide cathodes","authors":"Yan-Jiang Li, Shu-Lei Chou, Yao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110389","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detrimental phase transformations of sodium layered transition metal oxides (Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub>) during desodiation/sodiation seriously suppress their practical applications for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Undoubtedly, comprehensively investigating of the dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> associating with Na ions extraction/intercalation and then deeply understanding of the relationships between electrochemical performances and phase structures drawing support from advanced characterization techniques are indispensable. <em>In-situ</em> high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), a powerful technology to distinguish the crystal structure of electrode materials, has been widely used to identify the phase evolutions of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> and then profoundly revealed the electrochemical reaction processes. In this review, we begin with the descriptions of synchrotron characterization techniques and then present the advantages of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) over conventional XRD in detail. The optimizations of structural stability and electrochemical properties for P2-, O3-, and P2/O3-type Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes through single/dual-site substitution, high-entropy design, phase composition regulation, and surface engineering are summarized. The dynamic crystal structure evolutions of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> polytypes during Na ion extraction/intercalation as well as corresponding structural enhancement mechanisms characterizing by means of HEXRD are concluded. The interior relationships between structure/component of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> polytypes and their electrochemical properties are discussed. Finally, we look forward the research directions and issues in the route to improve the electrochemical properties of Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes for SIBs in the future and the combined utilizations of multiple characterization techniques. This review will provide significant guidelines for rational designs of high-performance Na<sub>x</sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 110389"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese Chemical Letters","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001841724009082","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The detrimental phase transformations of sodium layered transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2) during desodiation/sodiation seriously suppress their practical applications for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Undoubtedly, comprehensively investigating of the dynamic crystal structure evolutions of NaxTMO2 associating with Na ions extraction/intercalation and then deeply understanding of the relationships between electrochemical performances and phase structures drawing support from advanced characterization techniques are indispensable. In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), a powerful technology to distinguish the crystal structure of electrode materials, has been widely used to identify the phase evolutions of NaxTMO2 and then profoundly revealed the electrochemical reaction processes. In this review, we begin with the descriptions of synchrotron characterization techniques and then present the advantages of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) over conventional XRD in detail. The optimizations of structural stability and electrochemical properties for P2-, O3-, and P2/O3-type NaxTMO2 cathodes through single/dual-site substitution, high-entropy design, phase composition regulation, and surface engineering are summarized. The dynamic crystal structure evolutions of NaxTMO2 polytypes during Na ion extraction/intercalation as well as corresponding structural enhancement mechanisms characterizing by means of HEXRD are concluded. The interior relationships between structure/component of NaxTMO2 polytypes and their electrochemical properties are discussed. Finally, we look forward the research directions and issues in the route to improve the electrochemical properties of NaxTMO2 cathodes for SIBs in the future and the combined utilizations of multiple characterization techniques. This review will provide significant guidelines for rational designs of high-performance NaxTMO2 cathodes.
期刊介绍：
Chinese Chemical Letters (CCL) (ISSN 1001-8417) was founded in July 1990. The journal publishes preliminary accounts in the whole field of chemistry, including inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer chemistry, applied chemistry, etc.Chinese Chemical Letters does not accept articles previously published or scheduled to be published. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service CrossCheck.
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