Assessment of vortex assisted-supramolecular based micro-extraction for analysis of malachite green in water samples

Abstract

A quick, efficient, and environmentally friendly vortex-assisted supramolecular-based micro-extraction technique was assayed and used to analyze hazardous malachite green (MG) in water samples. To ensure maximum sensitivity and accuracy, key parameters influencing the process were optimized, improving the extraction process of malachite green. The optimal conditions for accurate measurement were established as follows: a time of vortex of 9 min, a dosage salt of 4.3 % w/v, a solution pH of 3.4, and 280 μL of extraction solvent. Under these conditions, the quadratic model demonstrated high precision with an adjusted R² of 0.9996. The validation test illustrates a 1.23 % to 2.61 % error, which confirms the acceptability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The method showed excellent efficiency, with extraction recovery exceeding 97 %, highlighting its potential for analyzing samples. The calibration curve was found to be linear across the 10–500 ng mL⁻¹ range with a limit of detection of 2.4 ng mL⁻¹. Evaluations of various samples using this method confirmed its accuracy and yielded satisfactory extraction efficiencies.