Investigating the Linum usitatisimum mucilage synergistic amalgamation of metal oxide electrodes for super-capacitive applications

Abstract

The study's focus is on developing and evaluating Linum usitatissimum mucilage-based nanoparticles integrated into the metal oxide electrode for super-capacitive applications. The energy bandgap of the electrode is L.U-2.741 eV, FeO₄-2.177 eV, CoO₄-2.082 eV, and FeCo₂O₄-1.586 eV. The calculated crystallite sizes for the materials are Fe₃O₄-L.U (11.77 nm), Co₃O₄-L.U (18.01) and FeCo₂O₄-L.U (16.67). The micrograph of the material shows a cluster-like structure formed by the agglomeration of linum usitatisimum. The absorption peak was prominent at 219 nm and to gradually decrease at about 317 nm. If the absorbance decreases with wavelength. The potential windows (−0.4 to 0.3 V for L.U, Fe₃O₄-L.U, and Co₃O₄-L.U, and −0.6 to 0.1 V for FeCoO₃) displayed prominent peaks in electrode reduction/oxidation, showing strong pseudo-capacitive performance. The estimated specific capacitances for L.U are 6.74, 3.18, 1.82 and 1.16 F/g. For Fe₃O₄-L.U the specific capacitances are 16.9, 11.1, 7.11 and 3.75 F/g while for that of Co₃O₄-L.U are 21.7, 12.2, 7.68 and 3.98 F/g. The estimated specific capacitances for FeCo₂O₄-L.U are 10.2, 6.46, 3.95 and 2.00 F/g. The GCD plot of Linum Usitatissimum and FeCoO₃-L.U shows coulombic efficiency of 92 % and 97 %, respectively, showing their suitability for supercapacitor applications.