Community composition and distribution of epi- and suprabenthic macrofauna in the bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones of the northern North Pacific

IF 3.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103376
Angelika Brandt , Anna M. Jażdżewska , Stefanie Kaiser , Magdalena Błażewicz , Sarah Gerken , Kamila Głuchowska , Andreas Kelch , Mathis Preikschardt , Henry Knauber , Katharina Kohlenbach , Hanieh Saeedi , Anne Helene S. Tandberg , Davide Di Franco
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Abstract

The deep sea, Earth’s largest biome, harbors numerous unknown species. Prior to the AleutBio (Aleutian Trench Biodiversity Studies) expedition from July to September 2022, the Northeast (NE) Pacific at abyssal and hadal depths was virtually unexplored. Our study presents new findings from the AleutBio project on the macrofaunal composition of the Bering Sea (BS) and Aleutian Trench (AT) collected by means of an epibenthic sledge (EBS), comparing these results with data from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (KKT) and the Northwest (NW) Pacific. Additionally, we examine variations in macrofaunal composition and abundance across different regions and depths. A biogeographic gap analysis using data from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) found that, out of 170,627 occurrence records from the North Pacific and Bering Sea, only 153 were from depths below 3,500 m. The AleutBio project addressed this gap by significantly expanding the dataset with 36,499 new records collected during the expedition using an EBS. Nearly 98% of the specimens were from five phyla: Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Nematoda, with Polychaeta, Copepoda, and Nematoda being the most abundant taxa. Although the number of individuals varied between stations, there was no significant decrease in abundance with increasing depth, and some hadal stations had similar numbers of invertebrates as abyssal stations. Regional differences were observed, with Polychaeta and Nematoda being dominant in the BS, and Copepoda more prevalent at western abyssal stations. Depth emerged as the key factor influencing macrofaunal distribution, with distinct patterns across bathyal, abyssal, and hadal depths. Comparisons with other NW Pacific regions, like the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, show that depth and water body isolation play crucial roles in shaping faunal communities. AleutBio’s extensive sampling below 3,500 m has vastly increased available data, aiding in the understanding and conservation of deep-sea biodiversity. While certain taxa showed patchy distributions, no significant differences in faunal composition were found between geographic areas or depth zones. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of deep-sea ecosystems and highlight the importance of depth in shaping macrofaunal communities, emphasizing the need for continued research in these fascinating environments.
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北太平洋水底、深海和浅海区大型底栖生物的群落组成和分布
深海是地球上最大的生物群落,蕴藏着无数未知物种。在 2022 年 7 月至 9 月阿留申海沟生物多样性研究(AleutBio)考察之前,东北太平洋的深海和浅海几乎没有被探索过。我们的研究介绍了阿留申海沟生物项目通过底栖生物雪橇(EBS)收集的白令海(BS)和阿留申海沟(AT)大型底栖生物组成的新发现,并将这些结果与库里尔-堪察加海沟(KKT)和西北太平洋(NW)的数据进行了比较。此外,我们还研究了大型底栖动物组成和丰度在不同区域和深度的变化。利用海洋生物多样性信息系统(OBIS)和全球生物多样性信息基金(GBIF)的数据进行的生物地理学差距分析发现,在北太平洋和白令海的 170,627 条出现记录中,只有 153 条来自 3,500 米以下的深度。近 98% 的标本来自五个门类:节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、无脊椎动物门(Annelida)、软体动物门(Mollusca)、棘皮动物门(Echinodermata)和线虫动物门(Nematoda),其中多毛纲(Polychaeta)、桡足目(Copepoda)和线虫动物门(Nematoda)是数量最多的类群。虽然各站的无脊椎动物个体数量不尽相同,但其丰度并没有随着深度的增加而明显下降,一些深海站的无脊椎动物数量与深海站相似。观察到的区域差异是,多毛类和线虫类在 BS 站占优势,而桡足类在西部深海站更为普遍。深度是影响大型底栖生物分布的关键因素,在水深、深海和中深海都有不同的分布模式。与其他西北太平洋地区(如日本海和鄂霍次克海)的比较表明,深度和水体隔离在塑造动物群落方面起着至关重要的作用。阿留申生物公司对 3500 米以下海域的广泛采样大大增加了可用数据,有助于了解和保护深海生物多样性。虽然某些分类群显示出零星分布,但没有发现不同地理区域或深度区域的动物组成存在显著差异。这些发现强调了深海生态系统的动态性质,并突出了深度在塑造大型底栖动物群落方面的重要性,强调了在这些迷人环境中继续开展研究的必要性。
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来源期刊
Progress in Oceanography
Progress in Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
138
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Progress in Oceanography publishes the longer, more comprehensive papers that most oceanographers feel are necessary, on occasion, to do justice to their work. Contributions are generally either a review of an aspect of oceanography or a treatise on an expanding oceanographic subject. The articles cover the entire spectrum of disciplines within the science of oceanography. Occasionally volumes are devoted to collections of papers and conference proceedings of exceptional interest. Essential reading for all oceanographers.
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