Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103655
Anna M. Jażdżewska, Anne Helene S. Tandberg, Wiktor Leszczyński
{"title":"Diversity and connectivity of deep-sea Amphipoda of the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Trench revealed with DNA barcoding","authors":"Anna M. Jażdżewska, Anne Helene S. Tandberg, Wiktor Leszczyński","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"22 Suppl 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103651
Davide Di Franco, Stefanie Kaiser, Andreas Kelch, Mathis Preikschardt, Magdalena Błażewicz, Nils Brenke, Sarah Gerken, Kamila Głuchowska, Karen Jeskulke, Henry Knauber, Katharina Kohlenbach, Anne Helene S. Tandberg, Anna Jażdżewska, Angelika Brandt
{"title":"Ecological and spatial factors shaping abyssal and hadal peracarid crustacean communities in the eastern Aleutian Trench (NE Pacific)","authors":"Davide Di Franco, Stefanie Kaiser, Andreas Kelch, Mathis Preikschardt, Magdalena Błażewicz, Nils Brenke, Sarah Gerken, Kamila Głuchowska, Karen Jeskulke, Henry Knauber, Katharina Kohlenbach, Anne Helene S. Tandberg, Anna Jażdżewska, Angelika Brandt","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103654
Cassandra Santos-Pacheco, Issah N. Suleiman, Tiago Da Rosa Serpa, Miguel Figueiredo, Ana Martins
{"title":"Monthly and seasonal variations in ocean near-surface gradients around Santo Antão Island: A 20-year MODIS-aqua study","authors":"Cassandra Santos-Pacheco, Issah N. Suleiman, Tiago Da Rosa Serpa, Miguel Figueiredo, Ana Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103652
Andrey B. Demidov , Tatiana A. Belevich , Anna V. Kostyleva , Valentina M. Sergeeva , Alexander A. Polukhin , Vladimir A. Artemiev , Andrey A. Nedospasov , Dragosh I. Migali , Mikhail V. Flint
The characteristics of phytoplankton variability during spring sea ice retreat are poorly understood at the regional scale. To address this gap, three cruises were conducted in the Kara Sea from late June to early August during sea ice retreat. The present study focused on the variability of primary production (PP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration of total and size-fractionated phytoplankton, the evolution of the subsurface Chl-a maximum layer (SCML), and its contribution to the total water column PP (IPPtot) and integrated photosynthetic layer Chl-a (Chlph). During the study period, the ice-edge phytoplankton bloom was characterised by high values of IPPtot and Chlph (up to 1352 mgC m−2 d–1 and 151.53 mg m−2, respectively) and a dominance of microphytoplankton (>20 µm) in the water column (88 % of IPPtot and 77 % of Chlph on average) and in the SCML (52 % of PP and 64 % of Chl-a on average). The role of nano- (3 – 20 µm) and picophytoplankton (<3 µm) increased with sea ice retreat. During the melt season, micro-, nano- and picophytoplankton contributed on average 50, 14 and 36 % to IPPtot and 60, 15 and 25 % to Chlph, respectively. PP and Chl-a associated with the SCML contributed 32 % to IPPtot and 76 % to Chlph. The rapid decline in IPPtot during sea ice retreat suggests that Arctic warming, sea ice loss, and the significant increase in total PP due to newly exposed open water areas may not be accompanied by an increase in photosynthetic activity in the Arctic Ocean. During the ice melt season in the Kara Sea ∼1/3 of IPPtot and 3/4 of Chlph are concentrated in the SCML, emphasizing its importance in the seasonal trophic balance and in the development of PP algorithms.
在区域尺度上,对春季海冰退缩过程中浮游植物的变异特征了解甚少。为了填补这一空白,从6月下旬到8月初海冰消退期间,在喀拉海进行了三次巡航。本研究主要研究了总分异浮游植物初级生产量(PP)、叶绿素-a (Chl-a)浓度的变异性、次表层最大叶绿素层(SCML)的演化及其对总水柱PP (IPPtot)和综合光合层Chl-a (Chlph)的贡献。在研究期间,冰边浮游植物爆发的特征是高IPPtot和Chlph值(分别高达1352 mgC m - 2 d-1和151.53 mg m - 2),并且在水柱(平均占IPPtot的88%和Chlph的77%)和SCML(平均占PP的52%和Chl-a的64%)中占主导地位的微型浮游植物(>20µm)。纳米(3 ~ 20µm)和浮游植物(<3µm)的作用随着海冰的退缩而增强。在融化期,微浮游、纳米浮游和浮游植物对IPPtot的平均贡献率分别为50%、14%和36%,对Chlph的平均贡献率分别为60%、15%和25%。与SCML相关的PP和Chl-a分别占IPPtot的32%和Chlph的76%。海冰退缩期间IPPtot的快速下降表明,北极变暖、海冰消失以及由于新暴露的开放水域而导致的总PP的显著增加可能并不伴随着北冰洋光合活性的增加。在喀拉海的融冰季节,约1/3的IPPtot和3/4的Chlph集中在SCML中,强调了SCML在季节性营养平衡和PP算法发展中的重要性。
{"title":"Ice melt season in the Kara Sea: Size-fractionated primary production and chlorophyll-a, evolution of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer and its contribution to total water column values","authors":"Andrey B. Demidov , Tatiana A. Belevich , Anna V. Kostyleva , Valentina M. Sergeeva , Alexander A. Polukhin , Vladimir A. Artemiev , Andrey A. Nedospasov , Dragosh I. Migali , Mikhail V. Flint","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characteristics of phytoplankton variability during spring sea ice retreat are poorly understood at the regional scale. To address this gap, three cruises were conducted in the Kara Sea from late June to early August during sea ice retreat. The present study focused on the variability of primary production (PP), chlorophyll-<em>a</em> (Chl-<em>a</em>) concentration of total and size-fractionated phytoplankton, the evolution of the subsurface Chl-<em>a</em> maximum layer (SCML), and its contribution to the total water column PP (IPP<sub>tot</sub>) and integrated photosynthetic layer Chl-<em>a</em> (Chl<sub>ph</sub>). During the study period, the ice-edge phytoplankton bloom was characterised by high values of IPP<sub>tot</sub> and Chl<sub>ph</sub> (up to 1352 mgC m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>–1</sup> and 151.53 mg m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively) and a dominance of microphytoplankton (>20 µm) in the water column (88 % of IPP<sub>tot</sub> and 77 % of Chl<sub>ph</sub> on average) and in the SCML (52 % of PP and 64 % of Chl-<em>a</em> on average). The role of nano- (3 – 20 µm) and picophytoplankton (<3 µm) increased with sea ice retreat. During the melt season, micro-, nano- and picophytoplankton contributed on average 50, 14 and 36 % to IPP<sub>tot</sub> and 60, 15 and 25 % to Chl<sub>ph</sub>, respectively. PP and Chl-<em>a</em> associated with the SCML contributed 32 % to IPP<sub>tot</sub> and 76 % to Chl<sub>ph</sub>. The rapid decline in IPP<sub>tot</sub> during sea ice retreat suggests that Arctic warming, sea ice loss, and the significant increase in total PP due to newly exposed open water areas may not be accompanied by an increase in photosynthetic activity in the Arctic Ocean. During the ice melt season in the Kara Sea ∼1/3 of IPP<sub>tot</sub> and 3/4 of Chl<sub>ph</sub> are concentrated in the SCML, emphasizing its importance in the seasonal trophic balance and in the development of PP algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 103652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103658
Sang Lyeol Kim, Hyung-Gon Lee, Kyung-Hee Oh, Kongtae Ra, Ok Hwan Yu
{"title":"Influence of the Kuroshio Current on the benthic communities in the southern seas of Korea","authors":"Sang Lyeol Kim, Hyung-Gon Lee, Kyung-Hee Oh, Kongtae Ra, Ok Hwan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many marine benthic invertebrates possess a pelagic larval life stage (meroplankton) that is highly sensitive to environmental changes, influencing their spatial distribution, survival, and settlement. This study was conducted on the adjacent shelf and in Kongsfjorden, a high-Arctic fjord system in Svalbard, where the Kongsfjorden Transect (KT), influenced by Arctic and Atlantic oceanic regimes, shows strong variability in physico-chemical conditions. Consequently, changes in environmental conditions, including the depth of the halocline, can act as a physical barrier for organisms, affecting local biodiversity. We, investigated meroplankton vertical distribution in relation to the halocline, and hypothesized that the salinity gradient acts as a barrier for larvae, influencing their movements, distribution and diversity. We identified 25 meroplankton morphotypes along the KT, with Bivalvia veligers as the dominant taxon. Taxonomic assemblages differed significantly between above (AH) and below (BH) the halocline. More abundant Echinodermata larvae characterized the AH assemblage, which remained compositionally similar throughout the studied transect. In contrast, Polychaeta larvae were characteristic of the BH assemblage with greater spatial variability, consistent with decreasing temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a concentration, towards the inner part of the fjord. By integrating detailed morphotype analysis with hydrographic data, we showed that the halocline is a barrier for meroplankton larvae, defining their vertical distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition; we also present the indicator taxa of the AH and BH assemblages. Our results emphasize the role of the salinity gradient in shaping larval communities and support their potential role as early indicators of environmental change in the Arctic fjords.
{"title":"Halocline as an environmental barrier for the larvae of Arctic marine benthic invertebrates","authors":"Patuła Weronika, Ronowicz Marta, Kukliński Piotr, Weydmann-Zwolicka Agata","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103649","url":null,"abstract":"Many marine benthic invertebrates possess a pelagic larval life stage (meroplankton) that is highly sensitive to environmental changes, influencing their spatial distribution, survival, and settlement. This study was conducted on the adjacent shelf and in Kongsfjorden, a high-Arctic fjord system in Svalbard, where the Kongsfjorden Transect (KT), influenced by Arctic and Atlantic oceanic regimes, shows strong variability in physico-chemical conditions. Consequently, changes in environmental conditions, including the depth of the halocline, can act as a physical barrier for organisms, affecting local biodiversity. We, investigated meroplankton vertical distribution in relation to the halocline, and hypothesized that the salinity gradient acts as a barrier for larvae, influencing their movements, distribution and diversity. We identified 25 meroplankton morphotypes along the KT, with Bivalvia veligers as the dominant taxon. Taxonomic assemblages differed significantly between above (AH) and below (BH) the halocline. More abundant Echinodermata larvae characterized the AH assemblage, which remained compositionally similar throughout the studied transect. In contrast, Polychaeta larvae were characteristic of the BH assemblage with greater spatial variability, consistent with decreasing temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll <ce:italic>a</ce:italic> concentration, towards the inner part of the fjord. By integrating detailed morphotype analysis with hydrographic data, we showed that the halocline is a barrier for meroplankton larvae, defining their vertical distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition; we also present the indicator taxa of the AH and BH assemblages. Our results emphasize the role of the salinity gradient in shaping larval communities and support their potential role as early indicators of environmental change in the Arctic fjords.","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103644
Marta Gellert, Magdalena Błażewicz, Chee Kong Chim, Graham J. Bird
{"title":"No discovery without exploration: Deep-sea sampling across the Pacific reveals a three new genus of Typhlotanaidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea)","authors":"Marta Gellert, Magdalena Błażewicz, Chee Kong Chim, Graham J. Bird","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"11 1","pages":"103644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103650
Y.R. Mu , Y.S. Xu , J.H. Park
Near-inertial internal waves (NIIWs) play a central role in ocean mixing and energy transfer, and understanding their local variability is essential for quantifying ocean energetics. This study investigates the local drivers of NIIW variability in the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) region using observations from a Current-and Pressure-sensor-equipped Inverted Echo Sounder (CPIES) array deployed over a 600 km by 600 km area, assuming negligible net NIIW flux. We developed an empirical model to quantify the contributions of wind-induced near-inertial energy flux (WNEF), mixed layer depth (MLD), and relative vorticity (), which have dominant influences on NIIW variability, accounting for 39 %, 41 %, and 20 % of the variability, respectively. WNEF and MLD positively correlate with NIIW energy, while shows a negative correlation. These findings highlight the significance of local processes in modulating NIIW energy and improving our understanding of ocean mixing dynamics by transitioning from qualitative to quantitative analysis.
近惯性内波(NIIWs)在海洋混合和能量传递中起着核心作用,了解其局部变率对海洋能量学的量化至关重要。本文研究了黑潮延伸系统研究(KESS)区域NIIW变率的局部驱动因素,利用部署在600 km × 600 km区域的配备电流和压力传感器的反向回声测深仪(CPIES)阵列的观测数据,假设净NIIW通量可以忽略不计。我们建立了一个经验模型来量化风致近惯性能量通量(WNEF)、混合层深度(MLD)和相对涡度(ζ)对NIIW变率的贡献,它们对NIIW变率的影响占主导地位,分别占39%、41%和20%。WNEF和MLD与NIIW能量呈正相关,ζ呈负相关。这些发现强调了局部过程在调节NIIW能量方面的重要性,并通过从定性分析过渡到定量分析来提高我们对海洋混合动力学的理解。
{"title":"Variability of near-inertial internal wave energy in the Kuroshio extension from CPIES array observations","authors":"Y.R. Mu , Y.S. Xu , J.H. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-inertial internal waves (NIIWs) play a central role in ocean mixing and energy transfer, and understanding their local variability is essential for quantifying ocean energetics. This study investigates the local drivers of NIIW variability in the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) region using observations from a Current-and Pressure-sensor-equipped Inverted Echo Sounder (CPIES) array deployed over a 600 km by 600 km area, assuming negligible net NIIW flux. We developed an empirical model to quantify the contributions of wind-induced near-inertial energy flux (WNEF), mixed layer depth (MLD), and relative vorticity (<span><math><mrow><mi>ζ</mi></mrow></math></span>), which have dominant influences on NIIW variability, accounting for 39 %, 41 %, and 20 % of the variability, respectively. WNEF and MLD positively correlate with NIIW energy, while <span><math><mrow><mi>ζ</mi></mrow></math></span> shows a negative correlation. These findings highlight the significance of local processes in modulating NIIW energy and improving our understanding of ocean mixing dynamics by transitioning from qualitative to quantitative analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 103650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103648
Yan Jia , Weifeng (Gordon) Zhang , Steven J. Lentz , Nathaniel R. Mollica , Gonzalo Pérez-Rosales , Anne L. Cohen
Majuro, a coral atoll in the Central Pacific, consists of rim reefs and low-lying islands surrounding a lagoon 40 km long, 10 km wide, and averaging 35 m deep. The lagoon is connected to the open ocean through shallow reef flats along the northwestern and western rims, and a 40 m deep channel in the northern rim. Spatiotemporal variability of lagoon hydrodynamics is characterized with a 15-year (2009–2023) simulation of a high-resolution ocean-wave coupled model. In winter, strong northeasterly winds generate high waves that approach the atoll from the northeast, breaking on the reef flats to the northwest of the lagoon, and driving strong flow across the reef flats into the lagoon. The wave- and wind-driven flows together forms a counterclockwise vortex pattern over the entire water column in the western lagoon, leading to a strong barotropic outflow through the deep channel. The lagoon circulation in winter is thus laterally sheared. In summer with weaker northeasterly winds, the wave-driven overflow across the northwestern reef flats weakens. In fall, episodic westerly winds drive open ocean water across the western reef flat into the lagoon. The weak winds in summer and fall allow the development of vertically sheared flows in the lagoon, with surface flows generally aligned with winds and subsurface flows opposing winds. This study demonstrates that lagoon circulation, varying over the scale of O(100 m-10 km), differ drastically from that in the surrounding ocean, can directly affect coral reef communities, and is thus critical for effective marine resource management.
Plain language summary.
Majuro Atoll, Republic of Marshall Islands, is located in the Central Pacific and is made up of rim reefs and islands surrounding lagoon of 40 km long and 10 km wide. The lagoon is separated from the open ocean by shallow rim reefs on its north and west sides and an island chain on its south and east sides. The deep part of the lagoon is connected to the open ocean by a 40-m deep channel in the north. This work uses a high-resolution computer model to simulate flows and temperature conditions in 2009–2023 and study how the lagoon flow conditions change in space and time. The model shows that the lagoon flows are influenced not only by winds throughout the year but also by high waves approaching the atoll from the northeast. As the waves break on the north shore of the atoll, they push a significant amount of water into the lagoon. Some of the lagoon water then flow out into the open ocean through the deep channel. Circulation in the lagoon changes dramatically with the winds. All these flow changes in the lagoon cause the lagoon environment to differ significantly from the open ocean. Such fine-scale changes in lagoon conditions likely affect coral health, influence their responses to climate change, and provide key information for effective coral reef conservation and protection.
{"title":"Fine-scale hydrodynamic variability at Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall islands. Part I: Flow variability","authors":"Yan Jia , Weifeng (Gordon) Zhang , Steven J. Lentz , Nathaniel R. Mollica , Gonzalo Pérez-Rosales , Anne L. Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Majuro, a coral atoll in the Central Pacific, consists of rim reefs and low-lying islands surrounding a lagoon 40 km long, 10 km wide, and averaging 35 m deep. The lagoon is connected to the open ocean through shallow reef flats along the northwestern and western rims, and a 40 m deep channel in the northern rim. Spatiotemporal variability of lagoon hydrodynamics is characterized with a 15-year (2009–2023) simulation of a high-resolution ocean-wave coupled model. In winter, strong northeasterly winds generate high waves that approach the atoll from the northeast, breaking on the reef flats to the northwest of the lagoon, and driving strong flow across the reef flats into the lagoon. The wave- and wind-driven flows together forms a counterclockwise vortex pattern over the entire water column in the western lagoon, leading to a strong barotropic outflow through the deep channel. The lagoon circulation in winter is thus <em>laterally sheared</em>. In summer with weaker northeasterly winds, the wave-driven overflow across the northwestern reef flats weakens. In fall, episodic westerly winds drive open ocean water across the western reef flat into the lagoon. The weak winds in summer and fall allow the development of <em>vertically sheared</em> flows in the lagoon, with surface flows generally aligned with winds and subsurface flows opposing winds. This study demonstrates that lagoon circulation, varying over the scale of O(100 m-10 km), differ drastically from that in the surrounding ocean, can directly affect coral reef communities, and is thus critical for effective marine resource management.</div><div>Plain language summary.</div><div>Majuro Atoll, Republic of Marshall Islands, is located in the Central Pacific and is made up of rim reefs and islands surrounding lagoon of 40 km long and 10 km wide. The lagoon is separated from the open ocean by shallow rim reefs on its north and west sides and an island chain on its south and east sides. The deep part of the lagoon is connected to the open ocean by a 40-m deep channel in the north. This work uses a high-resolution computer model to simulate flows and temperature conditions in 2009–2023 and study how the lagoon flow conditions change in space and time. The model shows that the lagoon flows are influenced not only by winds throughout the year but also by high waves approaching the atoll from the northeast. As the waves break on the north shore of the atoll, they push a significant amount of water into the lagoon. Some of the lagoon water then flow out into the open ocean through the deep channel. Circulation in the lagoon changes dramatically with the winds. All these flow changes in the lagoon cause the lagoon environment to differ significantly from the open ocean. Such fine-scale changes in lagoon conditions likely affect coral health, influence their responses to climate change, and provide key information for effective coral reef conservation and protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 103648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103646
Franziska I. Theising, Ute Hentschel, Kathrin Busch, Angelika Brandt, Francisca Carvalho, Joana R. Xavier, Andreu Santín Muriel
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