{"title":"Self-comparison versus social-comparison: The impact of imperfection on executive function in perfectionists","authors":"Yan Zhou , Ye Yang , Haiyang Jiang , Cheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112965","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfectionism is closely linked to high academic achievement, yet it is uncertain whether and how this advantage is manifested in cognitive functioning. We aimed to investigate whether the subtypes of perfectionists' executive functions (EF) are more susceptible to self-comparison or social-comparison. We recruited 75 students and provided them with sequential failure feedback based on self-comparison or social-comparison, and their performance on the three components of EF was subsequently recorded. Results indicated that for the perfectionists, receiving feedback that their performance was inferior to others served as a stronger facilitator of EF than when they performed worse than their own goals. Moreover, individual differences were observed. The Mixed-perfectionism group, i.e., those high in both Perfectionism striving (PS) and Perfectionism concern (PC), were more sensitive to social-comparison feedback, whereas those in the Pure PS group were more sensitive to self-comparison feedback. Additionally, the extent of these effects varied across the three components of EF. Strategies for maximizing the facilitative effects of feedback on cognition based on individual differences are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 112965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Personality and Individual Differences","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886924004252","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Perfectionism is closely linked to high academic achievement, yet it is uncertain whether and how this advantage is manifested in cognitive functioning. We aimed to investigate whether the subtypes of perfectionists' executive functions (EF) are more susceptible to self-comparison or social-comparison. We recruited 75 students and provided them with sequential failure feedback based on self-comparison or social-comparison, and their performance on the three components of EF was subsequently recorded. Results indicated that for the perfectionists, receiving feedback that their performance was inferior to others served as a stronger facilitator of EF than when they performed worse than their own goals. Moreover, individual differences were observed. The Mixed-perfectionism group, i.e., those high in both Perfectionism striving (PS) and Perfectionism concern (PC), were more sensitive to social-comparison feedback, whereas those in the Pure PS group were more sensitive to self-comparison feedback. Additionally, the extent of these effects varied across the three components of EF. Strategies for maximizing the facilitative effects of feedback on cognition based on individual differences are discussed.
完美主义与高学业成绩密切相关,但这种优势是否以及如何体现在认知功能上,目前尚不确定。我们旨在研究完美主义者的执行功能(EF)亚型是否更容易受到自我比较或社会比较的影响。我们招募了75名学生,向他们提供了基于自我比较或社会比较的连续失败反馈,随后记录了他们在执行功能三个组成部分上的表现。结果表明,对于完美主义者来说,当他们收到的反馈表明他们的表现不如他人时,比他们的表现不如自己的目标时更能促进他们的EF。此外,研究还发现了个体差异。混合完美主义组,即同时具有完美主义努力(PS)和完美主义关注(PC)的人,对社会比较反馈更敏感,而纯粹完美主义组的人对自我比较反馈更敏感。此外,这些影响的程度在 EF 的三个组成部分中各不相同。本文讨论了如何根据个体差异最大限度地发挥反馈对认知的促进作用。
期刊介绍:
Personality and Individual Differences is devoted to the publication of articles (experimental, theoretical, review) which aim to integrate as far as possible the major factors of personality with empirical paradigms from experimental, physiological, animal, clinical, educational, criminological or industrial psychology or to seek an explanation for the causes and major determinants of individual differences in concepts derived from these disciplines. The editors are concerned with both genetic and environmental causes, and they are particularly interested in possible interaction effects.