Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

英文中文

Development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Italian and English version of the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS)

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113151

Valerio Pellegrini , Estelle Leombruni , Stefania Iazzetta , Marco Saettoni , Andrea Gragnani

The present paper proposes developing and validating the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS) – the first and only measure assessing the degree to which individuals are able to stand the experience of boredom. Across three studies (N = 1397), the psychometric properties of the BIS are presented. Exploratory factor analysis, implemented in Study 1, suggested a unidimensional and 6-item structure with high reliability. Study 2 ratified the emerged structure by using a confirmatory factor analysis. Corroboration of the measure's robustness was provided by a multigroup CFA, which yielded evidence for the gender invariance of the BIS Italian version. Study 3 validated the English version of the BIS, indicating a robust factor structure with high reliability and invariance across participants' gender. Study 3 also proved the BIS's invariance across English and Italian versions. Construct validity was examined across Studies 2 and 3, yielding significant associations of the BIS with measures of trait and state boredom, relaxation sensitivity, neuroticism, anxiety, anger, impulsiveness, depression, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. These findings suggest that the BIS is a psychometrically sound measure with possible implications for researchers and practitioners.

{"title":"Development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Italian and English version of the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS)","authors":"Valerio Pellegrini , Estelle Leombruni , Stefania Iazzetta , Marco Saettoni , Andrea Gragnani","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper proposes developing and validating the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS) – the first and only measure assessing the degree to which individuals are able to stand the experience of boredom. Across three studies (<em>N</em> = 1397), the psychometric properties of the BIS are presented. Exploratory factor analysis, implemented in Study 1, suggested a unidimensional and 6-item structure with high reliability. Study 2 ratified the emerged structure by using a confirmatory factor analysis. Corroboration of the measure's robustness was provided by a multigroup CFA, which yielded evidence for the gender invariance of the BIS Italian version. Study 3 validated the English version of the BIS, indicating a robust factor structure with high reliability and invariance across participants' gender. Study 3 also proved the BIS's invariance across English and Italian versions. Construct validity was examined across Studies 2 and 3, yielding significant associations of the BIS with measures of trait and state boredom, relaxation sensitivity, neuroticism, anxiety, anger, impulsiveness, depression, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. These findings suggest that the BIS is a psychometrically sound measure with possible implications for researchers and practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of the Future Simulation Scale (FSS): A comprehensive measure of beneficially imagining future outcomes

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113135

Elena Fischer , Markus Quirin , Anton-Rupert Laireiter

Understanding the nuanced components of imagining personal future outcomes is essential for grasping the connections between such cognitive processes and well-being. Despite the existence of future thinking scales, a comprehensive measure capturing the crucial elements of future simulation has been lacking. In two studies, we introduced and validated the Future Simulation Scale (FSS). Employing exploratory factor analyses (Study 1, N = 464) and confirmatory factor analyses (Study 2, N = 724), we identified five factors comprising a total of 31 items: Detailed Imaginations, Positive Expectations, Future Self, Future Social Environment, and Fleeting Imaginations. The FSS exhibited robust reliability and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity by correlating with existing future thinking measures, as well as measures encompassing well-being, ill-being, and personality traits. Notably, the FSS demonstrated incremental validity, predicting unique variance in transdiagnostic variables beyond other established future thinking scales. The FSS provides a valuable tool for exploring future simulation. While the scale was validated in German, future studies should extend its validation to other languages to enhance its cross-cultural applicability and generalizability. Furthermore, an important future task is to address the lack of criterion validity in terms of correlating our scale with an objective or behavioral measure of future-oriented thinking.

{"title":"Development and validation of the Future Simulation Scale (FSS): A comprehensive measure of beneficially imagining future outcomes","authors":"Elena Fischer , Markus Quirin , Anton-Rupert Laireiter","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the nuanced components of imagining personal future outcomes is essential for grasping the connections between such cognitive processes and well-being. Despite the existence of future thinking scales, a comprehensive measure capturing the crucial elements of future simulation has been lacking. In two studies, we introduced and validated the Future Simulation Scale (FSS). Employing exploratory factor analyses (Study 1, <em>N</em> = 464) and confirmatory factor analyses (Study 2, <em>N</em> = 724), we identified five factors comprising a total of 31 items: Detailed Imaginations, Positive Expectations, Future Self, Future Social Environment, and Fleeting Imaginations. The FSS exhibited robust reliability and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity by correlating with existing future thinking measures, as well as measures encompassing well-being, ill-being, and personality traits. Notably, the FSS demonstrated incremental validity, predicting unique variance in transdiagnostic variables beyond other established future thinking scales. The FSS provides a valuable tool for exploring future simulation. While the scale was validated in German, future studies should extend its validation to other languages to enhance its cross-cultural applicability and generalizability. Furthermore, an important future task is to address the lack of criterion validity in terms of correlating our scale with an objective or behavioral measure of future-oriented thinking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of conscientiousness in meeting psychological needs: A whole trait theory perspective

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113138

Paul A. Story, Zhardae Bailey, Niles G. Foo

According to whole trait theory (WTT; Fleeson & Jayawickreme, 2021), personality traits serve as a mechanism to fulfill goals, including satisfying basic psychological needs. Conscientiousness may be especially suited for satisfying such needs as it involves task and goal-directed behavior. Given that conscientiousness also includes the avoidance of negative behaviors, it may prevent the frustration of needs as well. Across two studies, we examined the usefulness of conscientiousness in predicting both need satisfaction and frustration. In study 1, we examined whether conscientiousness naturally predicts need satisfaction and need frustration at work, as well as workplace performance. In study 2, we assigned participants a task or a connection goal to determine if these goals would activate the associated personality traits and whether these traits would then increase the chances of satisfying specific psychological needs. Across both studies, conscientiousness was associated with increased need satisfaction and decreased need frustration. In study 1, conscientiousness was also associated with better workplace performance, both directly and indirectly through the needs. In study 2, conscientious goals were more likely to satisfy, and avoid frustrating, competence needs compared to social goals. We discuss the results considering whole trait and self-determination theory.

{"title":"The role of conscientiousness in meeting psychological needs: A whole trait theory perspective","authors":"Paul A. Story, Zhardae Bailey, Niles G. Foo","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to whole trait theory (WTT; <span><span>Fleeson & Jayawickreme, 2021</span></span>), personality traits serve as a mechanism to fulfill goals, including satisfying basic psychological needs. Conscientiousness may be especially suited for satisfying such needs as it involves task and goal-directed behavior. Given that conscientiousness also includes the avoidance of negative behaviors, it may prevent the frustration of needs as well. Across two studies, we examined the usefulness of conscientiousness in predicting both need satisfaction and frustration. In study 1, we examined whether conscientiousness naturally predicts need satisfaction and need frustration at work, as well as workplace performance. In study 2, we assigned participants a task or a connection goal to determine if these goals would activate the associated personality traits and whether these traits would then increase the chances of satisfying specific psychological needs. Across both studies, conscientiousness was associated with increased need satisfaction and decreased need frustration. In study 1, conscientiousness was also associated with better workplace performance, both directly and indirectly through the needs. In study 2, conscientious goals were more likely to satisfy, and avoid frustrating, competence needs compared to social goals. We discuss the results considering whole trait and self-determination theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Humility and harmony: The influence of intellectual humility and religiousness on science-religion views

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113136

Jesse L. Preston , Victoria Hotchin , Natalia Zarzeczna

Views on the relationship between science and religion vary between conflict and compatibility. But compatibility views may be more common for those who are open to alternate viewpoints and who recognize the limits of their knowledge and understanding, characteristic of intellectual humility. Two studies (total N = 978) examined how science-religion attitudes are predicted by individual differences in intellectual humility and religiosity. Compatibility attitudes were strongly predicted by individual religiosity, and intellectual humility predicted greater compatibility beliefs when controlling for religiosity. In mediation analyses, there were negative indirect links between intellectual humility and compatibility views via greater religiosity, but the direct link was positive. This suggests that a positive link between intellectual humility and compatibility beliefs may be suppressed by the strong associations with general religiosity. Overall, these studies show intellectual humility is an important predictor of beliefs about the compatibility of science and religion, but this is entwined with the effects of religiosity.

{"title":"Humility and harmony: The influence of intellectual humility and religiousness on science-religion views","authors":"Jesse L. Preston , Victoria Hotchin , Natalia Zarzeczna","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Views on the relationship between science and religion vary between conflict and compatibility. But compatibility views may be more common for those who are open to alternate viewpoints and who recognize the limits of their knowledge and understanding, characteristic of intellectual humility. Two studies (total <em>N</em> = 978) examined how science-religion attitudes are predicted by individual differences in intellectual humility and religiosity. Compatibility attitudes were strongly predicted by individual religiosity, and intellectual humility predicted greater compatibility beliefs when controlling for religiosity. In mediation analyses, there were negative indirect links between intellectual humility and compatibility views via greater religiosity, but the direct link was positive. This suggests that a positive link between intellectual humility and compatibility beliefs may be suppressed by the strong associations with general religiosity. Overall, these studies show intellectual humility is an important predictor of beliefs about the compatibility of science and religion, but this is entwined with the effects of religiosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The interplay between parental perfectionism, emotional intelligence, and parental burnout

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113148

Gao-Xian Lin , Dorota Szczygieł , M. Annelise Blanchard

Perfectionism has increasingly permeated contemporary parenting, with parents striving for perfection in their roles and demanding flawless performance from their children. This tendency, defined as parental perfectionism (PP), can be so demanding that it leads to parental burnout (PB), particularly among parents with lower levels of emotional intelligence (EI). This study employed both variable-centered (regression analysis) and person-centered (latent profile analysis) approaches to examine the complex relationships among PP, EI, and PB using self-reported data from a sample of Polish parents (N = 506). Regression analyses revealed that two PP dimensions—concerns over parenting mistakes and perceived discrepancy between parental expectations and children's performance—predicted higher PB symptoms, even after controlling for other PP dimensions. Notably, EI mitigated most of these effects but was less effective in preventing emotional exhaustion. Latent profile analysis further underscored the detrimental impact of perfectionistic concerns and discrepancy on PB. Additionally, EI appeared to shield perfectionistic parents from PB, particularly by helping prevent “No-Burnout” parents from becoming “Vulnerable-to-Burnout” parents.

{"title":"The interplay between parental perfectionism, emotional intelligence, and parental burnout","authors":"Gao-Xian Lin , Dorota Szczygieł , M. Annelise Blanchard","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfectionism has increasingly permeated contemporary parenting, with parents striving for perfection in their roles and demanding flawless performance from their children. This tendency, defined as parental perfectionism (PP), can be so demanding that it leads to parental burnout (PB), particularly among parents with lower levels of emotional intelligence (EI). This study employed both variable-centered (regression analysis) and person-centered (latent profile analysis) approaches to examine the complex relationships among PP, EI, and PB using self-reported data from a sample of Polish parents (<em>N</em> = 506). Regression analyses revealed that two PP dimensions—concerns over parenting mistakes and perceived discrepancy between parental expectations and children's performance—predicted higher PB symptoms, even after controlling for other PP dimensions. Notably, EI mitigated most of these effects but was less effective in preventing emotional exhaustion. Latent profile analysis further underscored the detrimental impact of perfectionistic concerns and discrepancy on PB. Additionally, EI appeared to shield perfectionistic parents from PB, particularly by helping prevent “No-Burnout” parents from becoming “Vulnerable-to-Burnout” parents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A cross-lagged relationship of subjective stress and dark tetrad traits in adolescence 青春期主观压力与黑暗四分体特征的交叉滞后关系

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113137

Anja Wertag, Goran Milas, Maja Ribar

The relationship between stress and Dark Tetrad traits is complex, and there are indications that exposure to stress can lead to elevated dark traits. This study aimed to longitudinally explore the relationship between subjective stress and Dark Tetrad traits in adolescents. Data were collected within the larger ongoing longitudinal research project Longitudinal Adolescent Stress Study in Croatia. Analyses were conducted on a subsample of high-school students who provided valid answers in at least two out of three study waves (N = 1618, 41 % male, M_age = 16.34, SD_age = 0.63 at the first time point). Machiavellianism was positively related to subjective stress at each time point, narcissism negatively, while psychopathy and sadism had nonsignificant or negligible correlations with stress. To examine the longitudinal relationships and reciprocal association between Dark Traits and subjective stress, random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used, and only the cross-lagged path coefficients from stress to Machiavellianism were significant, albeit small (p₂₁ = 0.19; 95 % CI [0.04, 0.36] and p₃₂ = 0.21; 95 % CI [0.06.42]), indicating that experiencing stress increases Machiavellianism scores over time.

{"title":"A cross-lagged relationship of subjective stress and dark tetrad traits in adolescence","authors":"Anja Wertag, Goran Milas, Maja Ribar","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between stress and Dark Tetrad traits is complex, and there are indications that exposure to stress can lead to elevated dark traits. This study aimed to longitudinally explore the relationship between subjective stress and Dark Tetrad traits in adolescents. Data were collected within the larger ongoing longitudinal research project Longitudinal Adolescent Stress Study in Croatia. Analyses were conducted on a subsample of high-school students who provided valid answers in at least two out of three study waves (<em>N</em> = 1618, 41 % male, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 16.34, <em>SD</em><sub>age</sub> = 0.63 at the first time point). Machiavellianism was positively related to subjective stress at each time point, narcissism negatively, while psychopathy and sadism had nonsignificant or negligible correlations with stress. To examine the longitudinal relationships and reciprocal association between Dark Traits and subjective stress, random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used, and only the cross-lagged path coefficients from stress to Machiavellianism were significant, albeit small (p<sub>21</sub> = 0.19; 95 % CI [0.04, 0.36] and p<sub>32</sub> = 0.21; 95 % CI [0.06.42]), indicating that experiencing stress increases Machiavellianism scores over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

United States adults' social media use and digital emotion regulation in everyday life: The potential of social media to be harnessed for mental health

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113139

Alison B. Tuck, Renee J. Thompson

Despite common knowledge that adults regularly engage in social media use (SMU), research has not yet described basic characteristics of their SMU, such as frequency, time spent, and SMU to impact emotions (i.e., digital emotion regulation [ER]). Further, research has not examined how these real-time features of adults' SMU relate to wellbeing. Adults (N = 179; M_age = 35.3; SD_age = 12.26) residing in the United States received five daily surveys for 14 days, reporting how much they engaged in SMU, if they had digital ER goals, and momentary affect. They reported depression at a laboratory session. Participants indicated SMU almost 50 % of surveys for 1–15 min on average and digital ER goals almost 40 % of the time. Increasing age was associated with less SMU and fewer digital ER goals. Women and men engaged in similar amounts of SMU, but men reported more ER goals. Participants engaged in more SMU and had more ER goals in moments they felt worse and with increasing depression. These findings characterize how adults engage in SMU from young- to middle-adulthood. Although future research should clarify directionality, findings suggest SMU is an ER tool for adults that is relied upon more when wellbeing is lower.

{"title":"United States adults' social media use and digital emotion regulation in everyday life: The potential of social media to be harnessed for mental health","authors":"Alison B. Tuck, Renee J. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite common knowledge that adults regularly engage in social media use (SMU), research has not yet described basic characteristics of their SMU, such as frequency, time spent, and SMU to impact emotions (i.e., digital emotion regulation [ER]). Further, research has not examined how these real-time features of adults' SMU relate to wellbeing. Adults (<em>N</em> = 179; <em>M</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 35.3; <em>SD</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 12.26) residing in the United States received five daily surveys for 14 days, reporting how much they engaged in SMU, if they had digital ER goals, and momentary affect. They reported depression at a laboratory session. Participants indicated SMU almost 50 % of surveys for 1–15 min on average and digital ER goals almost 40 % of the time. Increasing age was associated with less SMU and fewer digital ER goals. Women and men engaged in similar amounts of SMU, but men reported more ER goals. Participants engaged in more SMU and had more ER goals in moments they felt worse and with increasing depression. These findings characterize how adults engage in SMU from young- to middle-adulthood. Although future research should clarify directionality, findings suggest SMU is an ER tool for adults that is relied upon more when wellbeing is lower.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From emotional blunting to moral choices: The role of alexithymia in trait psychopathy and utilitarian decision-making

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113147

Serra Şandor

This study investigates the relationship between alexithymia, psychopathy, and moral decision-making, focusing on how emotional processing influences utilitarian choices in moral dilemmas. Based on the dual-process theory, it is hypothesized that alexithymia, marked by difficulties in emotional awareness, predicts increased utilitarian decision-making, particularly in personal moral dilemmas. Psychopathy, characterized by reduced empathy and emotional arousal, is examined as a mediator in this relationship.

In Study 1, 238 university students completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, and responded to moral dilemmas. Regression and mediation analyses revealed that psychopathy, particularly primary psychopathy, mediated the relationship between alexithymia and utilitarian choices in personal moral dilemmas. Study 2 involved 49 participants, divided into high and low alexithymia groups, who were assessed for physiological and subjective emotional responses to stimuli. Results supported the hypo-arousal theory, with high alexithymia participants showing reduced emotional responsiveness and more utilitarian decisions.

The findings suggest that emotional alteration in alexithymia, coupled with psychopathic traits, leads to greater reliance on cognitive strategies in moral decision-making. This study highlights the role of emotional processing in moral behavior and provides insights into the interaction between alexithymia and psychopathy in shaping moral choices.

{"title":"From emotional blunting to moral choices: The role of alexithymia in trait psychopathy and utilitarian decision-making","authors":"Serra Şandor","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the relationship between alexithymia, psychopathy, and moral decision-making, focusing on how emotional processing influences utilitarian choices in moral dilemmas. Based on the dual-process theory, it is hypothesized that alexithymia, marked by difficulties in emotional awareness, predicts increased utilitarian decision-making, particularly in personal moral dilemmas. Psychopathy, characterized by reduced empathy and emotional arousal, is examined as a mediator in this relationship.</div><div>In Study 1, 238 university students completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, and responded to moral dilemmas. Regression and mediation analyses revealed that psychopathy, particularly primary psychopathy, mediated the relationship between alexithymia and utilitarian choices in personal moral dilemmas. Study 2 involved 49 participants, divided into high and low alexithymia groups, who were assessed for physiological and subjective emotional responses to stimuli. Results supported the hypo-arousal theory, with high alexithymia participants showing reduced emotional responsiveness and more utilitarian decisions.</div><div>The findings suggest that emotional alteration in alexithymia, coupled with psychopathic traits, leads to greater reliance on cognitive strategies in moral decision-making. This study highlights the role of emotional processing in moral behavior and provides insights into the interaction between alexithymia and psychopathy in shaping moral choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive styles and behavioral systems: Linking looming cognitive style and reinforcement sensitivity 认知风格与行为系统：将隐约可见的认知风格与强化敏感性联系起来

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113152

Ayşe Altan-Atalay , Ceren Gökdağ , Naz King

Background

Looming cognitive style, with its social and physical subtypes, is highly influential on how individuals perceive and respond to threats. Despite its robust relationship with anxiety, its relationship with other traits is underexplored. Revised reward sensitivity theory also addresses individual differences in approach, avoidance, and susceptibility to fear and anxiety. The current study examined associations of behavioral activation (BAS), inhibition (BIS), and fight-flight-freeze systems (FFFS) with social and physical looming.

Method

Data were collected online from 401 adults (343 women) between the ages 18 and 65 (M = 22.78 (SD = 6.57) using measures of looming cognitive style, reinforcement sensitivity, anxiety, and depression.

Results

The findings showed that social and physical looming were positively associated with BIS and FFFS, controlling for age, gender, and anxiety and depression symptoms. Additionally, social looming was negatively associated with BAS.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that social and physical looming are linked to heightened sensitivity to threat and, in the case of social looming, reduced reward sensitivity. These results underscore the role of looming cognitive style in shaping anxiety-related behaviors and responses to environmental stimuli.

{"title":"Cognitive styles and behavioral systems: Linking looming cognitive style and reinforcement sensitivity","authors":"Ayşe Altan-Atalay , Ceren Gökdağ , Naz King","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Looming cognitive style, with its social and physical subtypes, is highly influential on how individuals perceive and respond to threats. Despite its robust relationship with anxiety, its relationship with other traits is underexplored. Revised reward sensitivity theory also addresses individual differences in approach, avoidance, and susceptibility to fear and anxiety. The current study examined associations of behavioral activation (BAS), inhibition (BIS), and fight-flight-freeze systems (FFFS) with social and physical looming.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data were collected online from 401 adults (343 women) between the ages 18 and 65 (M = 22.78 (SD = 6.57) using measures of looming cognitive style, reinforcement sensitivity, anxiety, and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings showed that social and physical looming were positively associated with BIS and FFFS, controlling for age, gender, and anxiety and depression symptoms. Additionally, social looming was negatively associated with BAS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings indicate that social and physical looming are linked to heightened sensitivity to threat and, in the case of social looming, reduced reward sensitivity. These results underscore the role of looming cognitive style in shaping anxiety-related behaviors and responses to environmental stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(25)00105-9

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