Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

Shifts in critical thinking dispositions: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of mainland Chinese students, 2000–2025 批判性思维倾向的转变：2000-2025年中国大陆学生的跨时间元分析

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113681

Huiyong Fan , Shengli Guo , Jianzhong Xu

Critical thinking among mainland Chinese students has drawn widespread scholarly attention. However, how students' critical thinking dispositions evolved over time – and the factors influencing these changes – remains unclear. To address these gaps, we conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis of 487 studies, comprising 681 independent samples and a total of 145,487 participants. The results revealed that: (a) the total dimension of critical thinking disposition, analyticity, systematicity, self-confidence, inquisitiveness, and maturity dimensions among mainland Chinese students declined significantly from 2000 to 2025; (b) the temporal effects on the truth-seeking and open-mindedness dimensions of critical thinking disposition are not significant; (c) annual college admission rates, time spent on mathematics homework, and time spent on English homework in a given year significantly negatively predicted the variances of critical thinking disposition in the same year. In contrast, the student–teacher ratio in the current year significantly and positively predicted the total score of critical thinking dispositions; (d) The student–teacher ratio and the educational expenditure (proportion of GDP) of five years prior significantly and positively predicted critical thinking dispositions. The theoretical and educational implications are discussed, along with directions for future research.

中国大陆学生的批判性思维已经引起了学术界的广泛关注。然而，学生的批判性思维倾向是如何随着时间的推移而演变的——以及影响这些变化的因素——仍然不清楚。为了解决这些差距，我们对487项研究进行了跨时间的荟萃分析，包括681个独立样本和145,487名参与者。结果表明：(a)中国大陆学生的批判性思维倾向、分析性、系统性、自信心、探究性和成熟度维度的总维度在2000 - 2025年间显著下降；(b)时间对批判性思维倾向的求真和开放维度的影响不显著；(c)年度大学录放率、数学作业时间、英语作业时间显著负向预测同年批判性思维倾向的方差。相反，当年师生比显著正向预测批判性思维倾向总分；(d)前五年的师生比例和教育支出（占GDP的比例）显著正向预测批判性思维倾向。讨论了理论和教育意义，以及未来的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Within-person dynamics of self-esteem and narcissism: An experience sampling study 自尊和自恋的个人动态：一项经验抽样研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113674

Márton Engyel , Róbert Urbán , Naomi de Ruiter

Building on recent advancements in the hierarchical models of trait narcissism, this study investigated the underlying processes linking positive and negative state self-esteem with narcissistic states. Across two 5-day experience sampling studies (N = 123 and N = 109), we applied a dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) framework to differentiate contemporaneous and temporal associations. Our findings suggest that positive state self-esteem positively predicts grandiose narcissistic states, whereas vulnerable narcissistic states were positively linked to negative state self-esteem. Furthermore, these relationships were influenced by participants' experiences of positive and negative daily events. While trait-level grandiosity and vulnerability contributed to state-level narcissistic manifestations, our results suggest that these traits represent only one component of a broader dynamic system involving state self-esteem and daily experiences.

Framed within a complex dynamic systems perspective, our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative self-esteem processes, as their situational activation may lead to distinct momentary self-experiences and co-occurring narcissistic coping responses.

在自恋等级模型的最新进展基础上，本研究探讨了积极和消极状态下自尊与自恋状态之间的潜在联系过程。在两项为期5天的经验抽样研究（N = 123和N = 109）中，我们应用动态结构方程建模（DSEM）框架来区分同期和时间关联。我们的研究结果表明，积极状态的自尊正向预测浮夸型自恋状态，而脆弱的自恋状态与消极状态的自尊正相关。此外，这些关系受到参与者积极和消极日常事件经历的影响。虽然特质层面的自大和脆弱促成了国家层面的自恋表现，但我们的研究结果表明，这些特质只代表了涉及国家自尊和日常经历的更广泛动态系统的一个组成部分。从复杂的动态系统角度来看，我们的研究结果强调了区分积极和消极自尊过程的重要性，因为它们的情境激活可能导致不同的瞬间自我体验和共同发生的自恋应对反应。

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引用次数: 0

Personality predictors of longitudinal adaptation following the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行后纵向适应的人格预测因素

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113636

Logan C. Gibson, William J. Chopik

Although COVID-19 mitigation efforts were transformative for American's social, educational, work, and emotional lives, it is unclear how people adapted in the years after the worst of the pandemic subsided. Given the lack of longitudinal information on how people adapted, we took an exploratory approach to examine how self-reported social, professional (i.e., education/work) preference-related, and well-being outcomes of 248 American college students from a Michigan-based university changed across two waves, in 2020/2021 (while in college) and 2025 (after graduation). In-person contact increased, online learning was remembered more positively, and well-being improved over time. Personality traits matched preferences for educational, professional development, and occupational opportunities and well-being (e.g., extraversion was linked to preferring in-person jobs and lower loneliness). Nevertheless, personality was a modest contributor to adaptation—consistent with theories of contextual modulation of individual tendencies. These findings shed light on the normative—and individual differences in—adaptation following the pandemic, providing a framework for implementing tailored interventions for social, educational, professional, and emotional outcomes across different contexts and cultural settings.

尽管缓解COVID-19的努力对美国人的社会、教育、工作和情感生活产生了变革，但尚不清楚在疫情最严重的时期过去后的几年里，人们是如何适应的。鉴于缺乏关于人们如何适应的纵向信息，我们采用了一种探索性方法，研究了来自密歇根州一所大学的248名美国大学生的自我报告的社会、专业（即教育/工作）偏好相关和幸福结果在2020/2021年（大学期间）和2025年（毕业后）的两波变化。面对面的接触增加了，在线学习的记忆更积极，幸福感也随着时间的推移而提高。性格特征与教育、专业发展、职业机会和幸福的偏好相匹配（例如，外向性与更喜欢面对面的工作和更低的孤独感有关）。然而，人格对适应的贡献不大，这与个人倾向的环境调节理论是一致的。这些发现揭示了大流行后适应方面的规范差异和个体差异，为实施针对不同背景和文化背景下的社会、教育、专业和情感结果的量身定制干预措施提供了框架。

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引用次数: 0

Does stress exacerbate impairments in attentional control in trait impulsive individuals? 压力是否会加剧特质冲动个体的注意力控制障碍？

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113662

Chris R.H. Brown

Evidence suggests that impulsivity is characterised by impairments in attentional control, which is required to regulate stress levels. Given that elevated stress levels can impair attentional control as well, it was predicted that trait impulsivity and stress would interact. Whereby high stress levels would amplify the impairments to attentional control in high impulsive individuals, who are less able to regulate this stress. To test this, the levels of attentional capture and unintentional mind-wandering were assessed at different levels of stress and impulsivity. Unexpectedly, however, across 3 Studies (N = 108; 290; 157) there was no evidence supporting this amplification hypothesis. The findings instead revealed that stress and impulsivity were related to attenuated processing of target-matching external distractors, consistent with inattention (Study 1 & 3); and though they did significantly interact in Study 1, this was more reflective of the trait-impulsivity obscuring the additional influence of high stress on attention. Further, stress and impulsivity also independently predicted elevated unintentional mind-wandering without interacting, both when self-reported (Study 2) and when assessed during the attentional capture task (Study 3). The unexpected lack of interaction across multiple measures is discussed, and implications of the independent effects for existing models considered.

有证据表明，冲动的特点是注意力控制受损，而注意力控制是调节压力水平所必需的。考虑到压力水平升高也会损害注意力控制，预测特质冲动和压力会相互作用。因此，高压力水平会放大对高冲动个体的注意力控制的损害，他们无法调节这种压力。为了验证这一点，在不同的压力和冲动水平下评估了注意力捕获和无意识走神的水平。然而，出乎意料的是，在3项研究（N = 108; 290; 157）中，没有证据支持这种放大假设。相反，研究结果表明，压力和冲动与目标匹配外部干扰物的减弱加工有关，这与注意力不集中一致（研究1 &； 3）；虽然它们在研究1中确实有显著的相互作用，但这更多地反映了冲动性的特征，掩盖了高压力对注意力的额外影响。此外，无论是自我报告（研究2）还是在注意力捕捉任务（研究3）中评估时，压力和冲动也独立地预测了无意识走神的增加，而没有相互作用。讨论了多个测量之间意外缺乏相互作用，并考虑了现有模型的独立影响的含义。

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引用次数: 0

A COSMIN systematic review of the psychometric properties of coping skills outcome measures COSMIN对应对技能结果测量的心理测量特性的系统回顾

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113643

Rachel Johnson, Christopher Hobson, Victoria Samuel

This study aimed to systematically review the psychometric properties of brief general coping outcome measures. Systematic searches across five databases identified 32 studies evaluating 12 measures using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology. Quality of evidence was graded using the modified GRADE approach. Methodological quality ranged from ‘inadequate’ to ‘very good’ depending on the psychometric property. Most measures showed poor content validity due to limited involvement of target populations. The Cultural Mix Coping Inventory (CMCI) showed promising results, but requires further validation. The Brief COPE, the most studied measure, had inconsistent evidence across key psychometric properties. Across all measures, evidence for cross-cultural validity, reliability, and criterion validity was limited. Findings suggest researchers and clinicians should exercise caution when selecting and interpreting coping measures. Future research should prioritise rigorous evaluation and involve target populations to improve content validity and ensure measures are fit for purpose.

本研究旨在系统回顾简单的一般应对结果测量的心理测量特性。系统搜索了5个数据库，确定了32项研究，使用基于共识的卫生测量工具选择标准（COSMIN）方法评估了12项措施。采用改进的GRADE方法对证据质量进行分级。根据心理测量的性质，方法质量从“不充分”到“非常好”不等。由于目标人群的参与有限，大多数测量显示内容效度较差。文化混合应对量表（CMCI）显示了良好的结果，但需要进一步验证。简要的COPE是研究最多的测量方法，在关键的心理测量属性上有不一致的证据。在所有测量中，跨文化效度、信度和标准效度的证据是有限的。研究结果表明，研究人员和临床医生在选择和解释应对措施时应谨慎行事。未来的研究应该优先考虑严格的评估，并让目标人群参与进来，以提高内容的有效性，并确保措施符合目的。

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引用次数: 0

A culturally congruent approach to life satisfaction: The role of personality traits, social stressors, and coping in African American adults 生活满意度的文化一致性方法：非裔美国成年人的人格特征、社会压力源和应对的作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113675

Elizabeth Milad , Antonio Terracciano , Daisy Zavala , Selin Karakose , Martina Luchetti , Amanda A. Miller , Michele K. Evans , Alan B. Zonderman , Angelina R. Sutin

This preregistered study* used a socioeconomically diverse, African American sample (N = 573) to examine the association between personality traits, facets, discrimination, and culturally informed coping strategies (spirituality, interconnectedness, problem-oriented, and disengagement) with life satisfaction. Higher extraversion (β = 0.035) and conscientiousness (β = 0.028) and lower neuroticism (β = −0.036) and discrimination (β = −0.146) were associated with greater life satisfaction (all ps < 0.001); anxiety and depression (neuroticism), positive emotion (extraversion), and achievement-striving (conscientiousness) were the strongest facet-level correlates. Personality traits were related to coping, but coping was surprisingly unrelated to life satisfaction. An exploratory structural equation model generally supported these associations, except for a contradictory association between spirituality coping and lower life satisfaction. This work clarifies personality and coping associations with life satisfaction in African American adults and highlights similarities and differences in these associations when compared to non-minority samples. The structural model indicates avenues to further refine frameworks for understanding life satisfaction that consider both individual level and broader environmental/culturally specific factors contributing to well-being.

这项预先注册的研究*使用了一个社会经济多样化的非裔美国人样本（N = 573）来研究人格特征、方面、歧视和文化信息应对策略（灵性、相互联系、问题导向和脱离）与生活满意度之间的关系。较高的外向性（β = 0.035）和责任心（β = 0.028），较低的神经质（β = - 0.036）和辨别力（β = - 0.146）与较高的生活满意度相关（均p = 0.001）；焦虑和抑郁（神经质）、积极情绪（外向性）和追求成就（尽责性）是最强的面水平相关。人格特质与应对有关，但令人惊讶的是，应对与生活满意度无关。探索性结构方程模型普遍支持这些关联，但灵性应对与低生活满意度之间存在矛盾关联。本研究阐明了非裔美国成年人的个性和应对与生活满意度的关联，并强调了与非少数族裔样本相比这些关联的异同。结构模型指出了进一步完善理解生活满意度框架的途径，该框架考虑了个人层面和更广泛的环境/文化特定因素对幸福感的影响。

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引用次数: 0

From future vision to current action: The relationship between future self-identification and goal achievement 从未来愿景到当前行动：未来自我认同与目标实现的关系

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113645

Tiffany Tettero , Esther C.A. Mertens , Aniek M. Siezenga , Jean-Louis van Gelder

An increasing body of research suggests that people's sense of identification with their future self is beneficial for goal achievement. However, the direction of this relation has not been explored, and it is unclear to what extent each of the three future self-identification components—vividness, connectedness, or valence—drives goal achievement. The present study investigated the relationship of each component with goal achievement longitudinally and experimentally by testing whether an intervention (FutureU) designed to enhance future self-identification affected these relationships. A randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05578755) was conducted among first-year university students (89.4% female, M_age = 19.59 years, SD = 2.25), who were assigned to a goal-setting control condition, the FutureU smartphone application condition, or the FutureU virtual reality condition. Results indicated that vividness of the future self, and to a lesser extent connectedness to the future self, positively predicted goal achievement, whereas valence toward the future self showed no effect. Initial goal achievement also positively predicted both vividness and connectedness, with weaker effects. Associations were similar across all three conditions, indicating that these associations were not affected by the FutureU intervention. These results suggest that vividly imagining one's future self, in particular, contributes to achieving self-selected goals.

越来越多的研究表明，人们对未来自我的认同感有利于目标的实现。然而，这种关系的方向尚未被探索，并且尚不清楚三个未来自我认同成分-生动性，连通性或价格驱动目标实现的程度。本研究通过纵向和实验的方式考察了每个成分与目标实现之间的关系，测试了旨在增强未来自我认同的干预措施（FutureU）是否会影响这些关系。一项随机对照试验（Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05578755）在大学一年级学生（89.4%为女性，年龄19.59岁，SD = 2.25）中进行，他们被分配到目标设定控制组、FutureU智能手机应用组和FutureU虚拟现实组。结果表明，未来自我的生动性和与未来自我的连通性对目标的实现有正向影响，而对未来自我的效价对目标的实现没有影响。初始目标实现对生动性和连通性也有正向预测作用，但影响较弱。三种情况下的关联相似，表明这些关联不受FutureU干预的影响。这些结果表明，生动地想象未来的自己，尤其有助于实现自我选择的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of the Coping Circumplex Model as a framework for organizing coping and emotion regulation categories 应对回旋模型作为组织应对和情绪调节类别的框架的验证

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113651

Krzysztof Stanisławski , Kinga Tuszyńska , Gisele Magarotto Machado , Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska

Despite extensive research on coping and emotion regulation, their conceptual integration remains hindered by the sheer number and diversity of constructs. This study advances the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM) by (a) validating its circumplex structure using a newly developed operationalization—the Brief Coping Circumplex Inventory (B-CCI)—and (b) systematically mapping coping and emotion regulation constructs from multiple major models onto its framework. Two large Polish samples (N = 649 and N = 505) provided strong empirical support for the CCM's circumplex structure. All eight coping styles of the model proved necessary for a comprehensive description of coping and emotion regulation, while its two orthogonal dimensions—Problem Solving vs. Problem Avoidance and Positive Emotional Coping vs. Negative Emotional Coping—were particularly effective for organizing external constructs. By positioning strategies within a circumplex, the CCM moves beyond static classifications to a process-oriented perspective, enabling the mapping of coping trajectories within stressful episodes and the reconceptualization of psychological flexibility. Even the minority of constructs showing weaker associations with the model were positioned in theoretically meaningful ways, underscoring the CCM's utility as a unifying framework for future structural and process-oriented research on coping and emotion regulation.

尽管对应对和情绪调节进行了广泛的研究，但它们的概念整合仍然受到构念数量和多样性的阻碍。本研究通过(a)使用一个新开发的操作工具——简短应对环形量表（b - cci）验证其环形结构，以及(b)将多个主要模型中的应对和情绪调节结构系统地映射到其框架上，来推进应对环形模型（CCM）。两个大型波兰样本（N = 649和N = 505）为CCM的环形结构提供了强有力的实证支持。所有八种应对方式都被证明是全面描述应对和情绪调节的必要条件，而其两个正交维度-解决问题与回避问题和积极情绪应对与消极情绪应对-对组织外部结构特别有效。通过在复杂情境中定位策略，CCM超越了静态分类，进入了过程导向的视角，能够映射出压力事件中的应对轨迹，并重新定义心理灵活性。即使是少数与该模型关联较弱的构念也以理论上有意义的方式进行了定位，强调了CCM作为未来应对和情绪调节的结构和过程导向研究的统一框架的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Do relationship changes cause changes in emotional well-being? A longitudinal investigation 关系的改变会导致情绪健康的改变吗？纵向调查

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113670

Menelaos Apostolou , Elyakim Kislev

The current study tests the hypothesis, derived from evolutionary theory, that relationship status constitutes a significant predictor of emotional well-being. We analyzed data from thirteen waves of the Pairfam study, a longitudinal project with a representative sample of 12,000 German participants, using mixed-model analysis. Our results indicate that participants' emotional well-being was significantly higher during waves in which they were in an intimate relationship compared to waves in which they were single. We also found that singlehood was associated with more negative emotions for men than for women, though the observed difference was small. Furthermore, participants experienced higher emotional well-being when in a good-quality intimate relationship than when they were single or in a poor- or moderate-quality relationship. Participants' emotional well-being was also higher when they were single than when they were in a poor- or moderate-quality intimate relationship. These differences were generally small, although the effect on loneliness was considerable. Our findings make a strong case that changes in relationship status, including changes in relationship quality, lead to changes in emotional well-being.

目前的研究验证了一种假设，这种假设来源于进化论，即关系状态是情绪健康的重要预测因素。我们使用混合模型分析分析了来自13波parairfam研究的数据，这是一个纵向项目，有12,000名德国参与者的代表性样本。我们的研究结果表明，与单身的参与者相比，处于亲密关系中的参与者的情绪幸福感明显更高。我们还发现，与女性相比，单身男性的负面情绪更多，尽管观察到的差异很小。此外，参与者在一段高质量的亲密关系中比他们单身或在一段差或中等质量的关系中体验到更高的情感幸福感。参与者在单身时的情绪幸福感也高于处于低质量或中等质量亲密关系中的人。这些差异通常很小，尽管对孤独感的影响是相当大的。我们的研究结果有力地证明，关系状态的变化，包括关系质量的变化，会导致情感幸福感的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Do social or personal focus values better predict longitudinal changes in mental health? A nine-year longitudinal study among emerging adult in China 社会或个人关注价值能更好地预测心理健康的纵向变化吗？中国新兴成人9年纵向研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113669

Liting Xia , Xueyuan Yu , Jiamin Song , Lingling Wang , Xiaochi Zhang , Jürgen Margraf , Dan Cai

Social focus values (SFV) and personal focus values (PFC) are closely linked to mental health. Navigating the challenging transitions characteristic of emerging adulthood proves psychologically demanding. This nine-year longitudinal study (2013−2021) tracked positive and negative mental health among 431 Chinese emerging adults (76.1% female; M_age = 19.24 ± 0.85), examining the influence of baseline SFV and PFV on mental health changes across five waves. Results showed stable positive mental health alongside significant longitudinal reductions in negative mental health. SFV predicted higher baseline positive mental health and lower baseline negative mental health. Crucially, SFV demonstrated stronger predictive effects on longitudinal declines in negative mental health compared PFV. This highlights the effects of SFV on mental health in Chinese emerging adults. It should be noted, however, that the study experienced a relatively high attrition rate, and thus the findings should be interpreted with caution.

社会焦点价值观（SFV）和个人焦点价值观（PFC）与心理健康密切相关。从心理上来说，应对成年初期具有挑战性的转变是一项艰巨的任务。这项为期9年（2013 - 2021）的纵向研究追踪了431名中国新兴成人（76.1%为女性，Mage = 19.24±0.85）的正性和负性心理健康状况，考察了基线SFV和PFV对五波心理健康变化的影响。结果显示稳定的积极心理健康，同时显著的纵向减少消极心理健康。SFV预测较高的基线积极心理健康和较低的基线消极心理健康。至关重要的是，与PFV相比，SFV对消极心理健康的纵向下降表现出更强的预测作用。这突出了SFV对中国初生成人心理健康的影响。然而，应该指出的是，该研究经历了相对较高的流失率，因此应该谨慎解释研究结果。

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引用次数: 0