Efficient jet-assisted single-phase immersion liquid cooling for high heat-flux servers

Abstract

With the trend toward integration and decarbonization in data centers, exploring clean and efficient cooling solutions has become increasingly urgent. In response, this study proposes an innovative single-phase immersion liquid cooling (SPILC) system with jet-assisted enhancement. By establishing a three-dimensional cooling model, the performance of conventional and jet-assisted SPILC systems is compared. Moreover, an in-depth study is conducted on the impacts of different jet designs and heatsink optimization on jet-assisted SPILC systems. The results show that the thermal management performance of jet-assisted SPILC systems has significantly improved compared to the conventional one, with the electronic component temperature and coolant temperature uniformity index of jet-assisted SPILC systems decreasing by 6.1 % and 73.1 %, respectively. For the jet-assisted SPILC system, the coolant temperature uniformity is better in the horizontal layout, but the flow resistance is increased compared to the vertical layout. Moreover, its cooling performance improves with the increased jet flow rate ratio, which achieves the best at a jet angle of 90 °. Balancing the trade-off between flow resistance and heat transfer, the thermal management performance of jet-assisted SPILC systems is maximized when the jet-impacted high heat-flux device’s heatsink has a pin fin size of 3 × 3 mm.