Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献

Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity of Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in Mouse Cortical Cultures Requires Neuronal Rab3A. 小鼠皮层培养物中微型兴奋突触后电流的同态突触可塑性需要神经元 Rab3A。

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544980

Andrew G Koesters, Mark M Rich, Kathrin L Engisch

Following prolonged activity blockade, amplitudes of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) increase, a form of plasticity termed "homeostatic synaptic plasticity." We previously showed that a presynaptic protein, the small GTPase Rab3A, is required for full expression of the increase in miniature endplate current amplitudes following prolonged blockade of action potential activity at the mouse neuromuscular junction in vivo (Wang et al., 2011), but it is unknown whether this form of Rab3A-dependent homeostatic plasticity shares any characteristics with central synapses. We show here that homeostatic synaptic plasticity of mEPSCs is impaired in mouse cortical neuron cultures prepared from Rab3A^-/- and mutant mice expressing a single point mutation of Rab3A, Rab3A Earlybird mice. To determine if Rab3A is involved in the well-established homeostatic increase in postsynaptic AMPA-type receptors (AMPARs), we performed a series of experiments in which electrophysiological recordings of mEPSCs and confocal imaging of synaptic AMPAR immunofluorescence were assessed within the same cultures. We found that the increase in postsynaptic AMPAR levels was more variable than that of mEPSC amplitudes, suggesting other factors may contribute to the homeostatic increase in synaptic strength. Finally, we demonstrate that Rab3A is acting in neurons because only selective loss of Rab3A in neurons, not glia, disrupted the homeostatic increase in mEPSC amplitudes. This is the first demonstration that a protein thought to function presynaptically is required for homeostatic synaptic plasticity of quantal size.

在长时间的活动阻断后，微型兴奋性突触后电流（mEPSCs）的振幅会增加，这种可塑性被称为 "同态突触可塑性"。我们以前的研究表明，在体内小鼠神经肌肉接头处长时间阻断动作电位活动后，突触前蛋白（小 GTP 酶 Rab3A）需要充分表达微型终板电流振幅的增加（Wang 等人，2011 年），但这种依赖 Rab3A 的同态可塑性是否与中枢突触具有相同的特征尚不清楚。我们在此表明，在从 Rab3A -/-和表达 Rab3A 单点突变的突变小鼠（Rab3A Earlybird 小鼠）制备的小鼠皮质神经元培养物中，mEPSCs 的同态突触可塑性受损。为了确定 Rab3A 是否参与了突触后 AMPA 型受体（AMPARs）的稳态增加，我们进行了一系列实验，在同一培养物中评估了 mEPSCs 的电生理记录和突触 AMPAR 免疫荧光的共聚焦成像。我们发现，在长时间活动阻断后，突触 AMPARs 的增加需要 Rab3A，但 mEPSC 振幅的增加并不总是伴随着突触后 AMPAR 水平的增加，这表明可能还有其他因素在起作用。最后，我们证明了 Rab3A 在神经元中的作用，因为只有神经元而非神经胶质细胞中的 Rab3A 选择性缺失才会破坏 mEPSC 振幅的平衡性增加。这是首次证明神经元 Rab3A 是突触可塑性平衡所必需的，而且它部分是通过调节 AMPA 受体的表面表达来实现的。

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引用次数: 0

Novel fabrication of polyethylene glycol/ceramic composite pellets with an excellent phase change shape stable trait and their potential applications for greenhouse insulation 具有优异相变形状稳定特性的聚乙二醇/陶瓷复合球团的新制备及其在温室保温中的潜在应用

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125096

Zhiye Ma, Qian Zhang, Xuechun Wang, Shichao Zong, Bo Bai

Organic solid–liquid phase change materials (PCMs) face challenges in practical applications due to their susceptibility to leakage during phase transitions. To address this issue, we constructed the polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ceramic pellets (CPs) composite phase change shape stable materials (PCSHs) with thermal energy storage capability, thermal stability, and a firm texture using the melting impregnation method. The PCSHs exhibit remarkable shape stability in the leakage test due to the capillary action and surface tension generated by the micropore structure on their surface. They also can convert light energy into heat and store it as latent heat, achieving an optimal photothermal conversion efficiency of 45.21 % and a maximum melting enthalpy of 13.33 kJ/kg at a PEG loading of ∼ 12 %. An outdoor greenhouse insulation simulation experiment confirmed that the PCSHs can maintain soil temperatures above 30 °C for over 30 min after illumination ceases. This work presents a facile synthesis strategy for shape-stable PCMs with potential applications in greenhouse insulation.

有机固液相变材料在相变过程中易发生泄漏，在实际应用中面临挑战。为了解决这一问题，我们采用熔融浸渍法构建了具有储热能力、热稳定性和坚固质地的聚乙二醇(PEG)/陶瓷颗粒（CPs）复合相变形状稳定材料（PCSHs）。由于其表面微孔结构产生的毛细作用和表面张力，PCSHs在泄漏试验中表现出显著的形状稳定性。它们还可以将光能转化为热能，并将其作为潜热储存起来，在PEG负载为~ 12%时，实现最佳光热转换效率为45.21%，最大熔化焓为13.33 kJ/kg。室外温室保温模拟实验证实，在光照停止后，PCSHs能将土壤温度维持在30℃以上30 min以上。这项工作提出了一个简单的合成策略，形状稳定的pcm与温室保温的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical research on a C-type heat exchanger in duct air conditioner under non-uniform airflow 非均匀气流条件下风管空调c型换热器的实验与数值研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125097

Bin Luo , Feng Li , Siyuan Wu , Kewei Shi , Yunxiao Ding , Rijing Zhao , Dong Huang , Wenxing Shi

The indoor unit of duct air conditioner typically employs an A-type heat exchanger (HX), but non-uniform airflow within the duct significantly degrades heat transfer performance. The current study proposes a C-type HX to accommodate the non-uniform airflow better. Experiments are conducted to compare the C-type and A-type HXs under varying conditions, including air volume flow rate, air velocity non-uniformity, inlet air temperature, and condensing temperature. Results indicate that as the non-uniformity of inlet air velocity increases, the heat transfer capacity of A-type HX decreases obviously. In contrast, the C-type is insensitive to the non-uniform air velocity distribution, which consistently outperforms the A-type in terms of heat transfer capacity throughout various operating conditions. Additionally, a numerical model is developed to compare the local parameters of the two HX types. The C-type demonstrates a more uniform outlet air temperature and exhibits a heat transfer capacity that is 19.1% higher than the A-type, while maintaining the identical heat transfer area and size parameters.

风管空调室内机一般采用a型换热器（HX），但风管内气流不均匀会显著降低换热性能。目前的研究建议采用c型HX来更好地适应不均匀气流。对c型HXs和a型HXs在风量流量、风速不均匀性、进风口温度、冷凝温度等不同工况下进行了对比实验。结果表明，随着进气速度不均匀性的增加，a型HX的换热能力明显降低。相比之下，c型对非均匀风速分布不敏感，在各种运行条件下，c型的换热能力始终优于a型。此外，还建立了数值模型来比较两种HX的局部参数。在保持相同的换热面积和尺寸参数的情况下，c型的出风温度更加均匀，换热能力比a型高19.1%。

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引用次数: 0

Performance of a greenhouse heating system utilizing energy transfer between greenhouses based on the dual source heat pump 基于双源热泵的温室供暖系统的性能分析

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125088

Baochang Zhou , Weituo Sun , Wenzhong Guo , Wengang Zheng , Mei Qu

High energy consumption challenges the multi-span greenhouse industry in China. To address this, a greenhouse heating system utilizing energy transfer between greenhouses based on the dual source heat pump (ETGHP) was designed in our previous research. However, its performance in practical application remains largely unexplored. This study conducted a field test to comprehensively assess this system. Results showed stable heating effects, and the heat collection of the system in Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG) air source heating mode accounted for 2.1% to 28.2% of the total, validating the feasibility of energy transfer between greenhouses. The use of CSG air source increased heating capacity by 27% and coefficient of performance (COP) by 23% for air source heat pumps. Then the dual source configuration achieved a 10.8% increase in heat collection and a 7.9% improvement in COP compared with the single air source. During the test, the COP of the system achieved 2.8 during heat collection and 2.5 for heating the multi-span greenhouse. Outdoor weather, greenhouse structures and management were found to influence system operation. This study also conducted performance comparation and explored the economic and environmental benefits for the system, proving it to be an efficient solution for multi-span greenhouse heating.

高能耗是中国多跨度温室产业面临的挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们在之前的研究中设计了一个基于双源热泵（ETGHP）的温室供暖系统。然而，其在实际应用中的性能仍未得到充分的研究。本研究通过现场试验对该系统进行了综合评价。结果表明，该系统采暖效果稳定，在中国太阳温室（CSG）空气源供暖模式下的集热量占总量的2.1% ~ 28.2%，验证了温室间能量传递的可行性。使用CSG空气源可使空气源热泵的供热能力提高27%，性能系数（COP）提高23%。与单气源相比，双气源配置的集热量增加了10.8%，COP提高了7.9%。在试验过程中，系统的集热COP达到2.8，多跨温室采暖COP达到2.5。室外天气、温室结构和管理都会影响系统的运行。本研究还进行了性能比较，探讨了该系统的经济效益和环境效益，证明该系统是多跨温室采暖的有效解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Study of cooling performances and energy saving potential for separator enhanced thermosiphon/vapor compression hybrid system 分离器增强型热虹吸/蒸汽压缩混合系统冷却性能及节能潜力研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125095

Lin Zhu, Yang Qin, Chunyang Chen, Yu Zhao

With the advancement of technology, the energy consumption of data centers has dramatically increased. Among them, the energy consumption of cooling equipment accounts for more than 40% of the total energy consumption of data centers. To reduce energy consumption and enhance performance, A novel separator enhanced thermosiphon/Vapor compression hybrid cooling system (STPVC) has been proposed. The cooling performances of the STPVC system are assessed through experimental test and comparisons in the conventional hybrid system (CTPVC) are shown in this paper as well. The experimental results indicate that compared to the CTPVC, the STPVC system can achieves a maximum improvement of 30.91% in thermosiphon mode and 19.3% improvement in vapor compression mode Additionally, to evaluate the energy saving potential of the STPVC, the annual energy efficiency ratios (AEER) of the system in various latitude cities of China have been theoretically calculated. A high AEER of the system about 15.3 can be achieved in the high latitude area. Even in the low-latitude region, the system also can gain the value of AEER about 5.45. The results of this paper are expected to provide a direction of performances enhancement and energy consumption reduction of the cooling equipment in the data center.

随着技术的进步，数据中心的能耗急剧增加。其中，冷却设备的能耗占数据中心总能耗的40%以上。为了降低能耗和提高性能，提出了一种新型的分离器增强型热虹吸/蒸汽压缩混合冷却系统（STPVC）。通过实验测试对STPVC系统的冷却性能进行了评价，并与传统混合系统（CTPVC）进行了比较。实验结果表明，与CTPVC相比，STPVC系统在热吸模式下最大节能30.91%，在蒸汽压缩模式下最大节能19.3%。为了评价STPVC系统的节能潜力，理论计算了中国各纬度城市STPVC系统的年能效比（AEER）。在高纬度地区，系统的AEER可达到15.3左右。即使在低纬度地区，系统也能获得5.45左右的AEER值。本文的研究结果有望为数据中心冷却设备的性能提升和能耗降低提供方向。

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引用次数: 0

Naturally circulated system under low to moderate heating condition with supercritical fluid: A comprehensive investigation of loop orientation and Ledinegg instability 低至中等加热条件下含超临界流体的自然循环系统：环向和Ledinegg不稳定性的综合研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125035

Tanuj Srivastava , Ashok Kumat Gond , Dipankar N. Basu

Out of the two stability characteristics i.e. static and dynamics, static instability has hardly been explored in such systems due to mathematical complexity and absence of explicit boundary conditions. Present numerical investigation deals with the 1D numerical framework analyzing the steady-state and static instability of the loop under different loop orientation i.e., horizontal heater horizontal cooler (HHHC), vertical heater horizontal cooler (VHHC), horizontal heater vertical cooler (HHVC) and vertical heater vertical cooler (VHVC). The range of heating power considered is applicable in the low to moderate heating condition such as in solar heater and electronic chip cooling. Due to uneven generation of buoyancy and friction throughout the flow path, occurrence of FiHTD is also dependent on it, with best and worst thermalhydraulic characteristics for HHHC and VHVC respectively. For every condition, the appearance of static instability was found to be within the heating power limit. For

T_{\infty}

= 295 K it spanned over 1050 W for HHHC orientated loop which got decreased by 9.5%, 23.8% and 65.7% for VHHC, HHVC and VHVC respectively. Under the condition of increased of

T_{\infty}

= 300 K the same was found within the limit of 575 W and got decreased by 13%, 21.7% and 64.3% for cases mentioned above insequential manner. Stability maps drawn using well known non-dimensional numbers holds a good qualitative behavior of static instability. Dynamic instability is well explored for HHHC combination has throughly done previously by various authors and hence, has not been considered here. The authors believe that dynamic instability will not be much more prominant due to predefined flow direction and can be explored as a future work.

在静态和动态两种稳定性特征中，由于数学复杂性和缺乏明确的边界条件，静态不稳定性在这类系统中几乎没有被探索过。本数值研究采用一维数值框架，分析了水平加热器水平冷却器（HHHC）、垂直加热器水平冷却器（VHHC）、水平加热器垂直冷却器（HHVC）和垂直加热器垂直冷却器（VHVC）不同回路方向下回路的稳态和静态不稳定性。考虑的加热功率范围适用于低至中等加热条件，如太阳能加热器和电子芯片冷却。由于整个流道中浮力和摩擦力的产生不均匀，因此FiHTD的发生也依赖于此，HHHC和VHVC分别具有最佳和最差的热工特性。在每种情况下，静态失稳的出现都在加热功率限制内。当T∞= 295 K时，HHHC取向环路的跨度大于1050 W， VHHC、HHVC和VHVC取向环路的跨度分别减小9.5%、23.8%和65.7%。在增加T∞= 300 K的情况下，在575 W的极限内，上述不顺序方式分别降低了13%、21.7%和64.3%。使用众所周知的无量纲数绘制的稳定性图具有良好的静态不稳定性定性行为。许多作者已经对HHHC组合的动态不稳定性进行了深入的研究，因此本文没有考虑。作者认为，由于预定义的流动方向，动态不稳定性不会更加突出，可以作为未来的工作进行探索。

{"title":"Naturally circulated system under low to moderate heating condition with supercritical fluid: A comprehensive investigation of loop orientation and Ledinegg instability","authors":"Tanuj Srivastava , Ashok Kumat Gond , Dipankar N. Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Out of the two stability characteristics i.e. static and dynamics, static instability has hardly been explored in such systems due to mathematical complexity and absence of explicit boundary conditions. Present numerical investigation deals with the 1D numerical framework analyzing the steady-state and static instability of the loop under different loop orientation i.e., horizontal heater horizontal cooler (HHHC), vertical heater horizontal cooler (VHHC), horizontal heater vertical cooler (HHVC) and vertical heater vertical cooler (VHVC). The range of heating power considered is applicable in the low to moderate heating condition such as in solar heater and electronic chip cooling. Due to uneven generation of buoyancy and friction throughout the flow path, occurrence of FiHTD is also dependent on it, with best and worst thermalhydraulic characteristics for HHHC and VHVC respectively. For every condition, the appearance of static instability was found to be within the heating power limit. For <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 295 K it spanned over 1050 W for HHHC orientated loop which got decreased by 9.5%, 23.8% and 65.7% for VHHC, HHVC and VHVC respectively. Under the condition of increased of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 300 K the same was found within the limit of 575 W and got decreased by 13%, 21.7% and 64.3% for cases mentioned above insequential manner. Stability maps drawn using well known non-dimensional numbers holds a good qualitative behavior of static instability. Dynamic instability is well explored for HHHC combination has throughly done previously by various authors and hence, has not been considered here. The authors believe that dynamic instability will not be much more prominant due to predefined flow direction and can be explored as a future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 125035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical study of water droplets in hydrogen recirculation ejectors for proton exchange membrane fuel cells 质子交换膜燃料电池氢气再循环喷射器中水滴的数值研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125084

Jiangkun Zou , Jing Li , Gerald Singer , Li Zhang , Pingwen Ming

Gas ejectors play a vital role in recirculating anode hydrogen within proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Previous studies primarily use single-phase flow computational fluid dynamics to design ejectors, neglecting water phase changes and compromising accuracy. Here, we develop a two-phase flow model incorporating droplet injection in the secondary flow and a water condensation model to analyze the ejector’s behavior. Validated by previous experiments in six different conditions, our two-dimensional model captures dynamic interactions between the gas and liquid water phases, leading to predict entrainment ratio more accurately, with an average deviation of 3.08% compared to 24.04% for the single-phase model. Additionally, simulations have been done for six different cases comparing different degrees of humidification of the secondary hydrogen flow. Water droplet growth increases gas temperature and pressure in the mixing chamber while reducing velocity, lowering the entrainment ratio by over 30%. Injecting a certain amount of droplets into the secondary flow can effectively improve the efficiency of the mixing chamber. Integrating a heat exchanger in the hydrogen supply line increases overall temperature and decreases water condensation. This study provides an in-depth understanding of water phase behavior, further optimizes the hydrogen ejector, and improves the accuracy of its simulation.

气体喷射器在质子交换膜燃料电池阳极氢气循环中起着至关重要的作用。以往的研究主要是利用单相流计算流体力学来设计喷射器，忽略了水的相变化，影响了喷射器的精度。在此，我们建立了包含二次流中液滴注入的两相流模型和水凝结模型来分析喷射器的行为。通过之前在6种不同条件下的实验验证，我们的二维模型捕获了气相和液态水之间的动态相互作用，从而更准确地预测了夹带比，平均偏差为3.08%，而单相模型的平均偏差为24.04%。此外，还对六种不同的情况进行了模拟，比较了二次氢流的不同加湿程度。水滴的增长提高了混合室中的气体温度和压力，同时降低了速度，使夹带比降低了30%以上。在二次流中注入一定量的液滴可以有效地提高混合室的效率。在供氢管路中集成一个热交换器，可以提高整体温度，减少冷凝水。本研究深入了解了水相行为，进一步优化了氢气喷射器，提高了其模拟精度。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation on the thermo-hydraulic and electrochemical performance of a novel vanadium-based embedded cooling system for synergistic energy supply and heat dissipation 基于钒的新型协同供能散热嵌入式冷却系统的热水力和电化学性能研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125094

Jiale Zhu, Muxing Zhang, Qiang Li

Miniaturization and integration of electronics require advanced heat dissipation techniques and efficient power interconnections. Integrating energy supply and heat dissipation into one fluidic network presents a viable approach to support compact, highly integrated chip designs. This study introduces an innovative microfluidic system that utilizes embedded cooling with vanadium electrolytes, enabling synergistic near-junction thermal management and power generation. The thermo-hydraulic and electrochemical performance of the system was evaluated under various conditions and subsequently applied to a real GaN chip. Results indicated that the system effectively dissipated a heat flux up to 317.06 W/cm² at a flow rate of 15 mL/min and an inlet temperature of 20 °C. When the flow rate was 2 mL/min, the system’s COP reached 113368. After heat absorption by the coolant, the system’s output power increased by 11.74 % with the temperature rise. High-temperature coolant enhanced ion transport and electrochemical kinetics, demonstrating the system’s potential for waste heat recovery. Upon integration with the GaN semiconductor, the system achieved power supply via waste heat recovery, reducing the hot spot temperature by 70.18 % and increasing the output current signal by 4.75 % compared to the thermally insulated devices.

电子产品的小型化和集成化需要先进的散热技术和高效的电源互连。将能量供应和散热集成到一个流体网络中提供了一种可行的方法来支持紧凑，高度集成的芯片设计。本研究介绍了一种创新的微流体系统，该系统利用钒电解质的嵌入式冷却，实现协同的近结热管理和发电。在各种条件下对该系统的热液和电化学性能进行了评估，并随后应用于实际的GaN芯片。结果表明，在流量为15 mL/min、进口温度为20℃的条件下，该系统的有效散热密度可达317.06 W/cm2。当流量为2 mL/min时，系统COP达到113368。经冷却剂吸热后，随着温度的升高，系统输出功率提高11.74%。高温冷却剂增强了离子传输和电化学动力学，证明了该系统在废热回收方面的潜力。在与GaN半导体集成后，该系统通过废热回收实现供电，与隔热器件相比，热点温度降低70.18%，输出电流信号增加4.75%。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal-mechanical behavior of deeply buried pipe energy pile group in sand obtained from model test 砂中深埋管桩群的热-力学特性模型试验

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125078

Jianghuai Yuan , Zhi Chen , Henglin Xiao , Lifei Zheng , Wentao Li , Xugen Song

One practical and effective method for shallow geothermal development is energy piling. This research presents the deeply buried pipe energy pile (DBP-EP), which has a wide range of potential applications and can collect deeper geothermal heat from the pile toe. This work conducts a model test investigation of the thermal–mechanical behavior of the DBP-EP group in sandy soil because the construction of the former differs from that of the common inside buried pipe energy piles (IBP-EP). The findings indicate that the heat exchanger tube at the pile toe of DBP-EP will be extended outward for heat exchange with the soil, in contrast to IBP-EP, and that the temperature change at the pile toe is greater than that of the whole. The pile cross-section strain decreases gradually from inside to outside along the radial direction. The axial earth pressure change rule around the pile is larger at both ends and small in the middle. For every 1℃ that the inlet temperature raises, the pile top’s final displacement increases by roughly 0.11‰

D

. At various inlet temperatures, the DBP-EP group heat transfer rate per meter drops by 8% − 23% when compared to the single pile’s. The average axial earth pressure difference surrounding the pile gradually rises when the pile top is not loaded, while the pile side friction difference of the pile group reduces in comparison to that of the single pile. The variations in pile side friction, axial earth pressure surrounding the pile, and pile top displacement of the pile group are reduced when the pile top is loaded because of the dense effect between the pile and the soil. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the design and practical implementation of DBP-EP structures.

能源桩是一种实用有效的浅层地热开发方法。深埋管道能源桩（DBP-EP）具有广泛的应用潜力，可以从桩趾处收集深层地热。由于DBP-EP与普通埋管式能源桩（IBP-EP）的施工方式不同，本文对DBP-EP组在砂土中的热力学行为进行了模型试验研究。结果表明，与IBP-EP相比，DBP-EP的桩端换热管会向外延伸，与土壤进行换热，且桩端温度变化大于整体。桩截面应变沿径向由内向外逐渐减小。桩周轴向土压力变化规律为两端较大，中间较小。入口温度每升高1℃，桩顶最终位移增加约0.11‰D。在不同的进口温度下，与单桩相比，DBP-EP组每米换热率下降了8% - 23%。桩顶无荷载时，桩周平均轴向土压力差逐渐增大，群桩侧摩阻力差相对于单桩减小。桩顶加载时，由于桩土之间的致密效应，降低了桩侧摩阻力、桩周轴向土压力和群桩顶位移的变化。本研究有助于对DBP-EP结构的设计和实际实现的理论认识。

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引用次数: 0

A novel determination method for thermal boundary conditions during permafrost simulation 冻土模拟中热边界条件的一种新的确定方法

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125080

Wen-zhen Tang, Xiao-kang Li, Xu Li

Boundary conditions are crucial for simulating the thermal status of permafrost soils, impacting the assessment of infrastructure stability and permafrost degradation. Field measurement and the boundary layer theory are two principal methods to determine the thermal boundary conditions, while parameters in these methods are empirical. This study proposed a novel method to determine the thermal boundary conditions, utilizing the known active layer thickness (ALT) and the depth of permafrost base. Firstly, the accuracy of equations for estimating ALT and the depth of permafrost base was validated using observed data. Next, a numerical model was built to investigate the impact of changes in ALT and the depth of permafrost on its thermal state. And then, the major influencing parameters of ALT and the depth of permafrost were determined. The results indicated that: (1) The maximum relative error between the observed and the estimated ALT is 15 %, and ALT can be reasonably estimated by the extended Stefan equation for multi-layered soils; (2) The maximum relative error between the observed and the estimated depth of permafrost is 4.9 %, and the depth of permafrost base can be estimated by the newly modified equation; (3) As two crucial indicators to judge the reliability of thermal boundary conditions, ALT and the depth of permafrost base needs to be appropriately set to avoid unacceptable deviations in numerical simulation. In this study, the relative error between the numerically inversed and the observed temperature was only 5.4 %, with an appropriate ALT of 2.5 m and a depth of 44.52 m for the permafrost base; (4) ALT is mainly governed by surface thawing index and water content, while the depth of permafrost base is mainly governed by geothermal gradient and mean annual ground temperature (MAGT). Based on the results, a method for determining the upper temperature and the lower heat flux boundary is proposed for permafrost simulation. The findings can guide the design and numerical simulation of geotechnical engineering in permafrost regions.

边界条件是模拟冻土热状态的关键，影响基础设施稳定性和冻土退化的评估。现场测量和边界层理论是确定热边界条件的两种主要方法，而这两种方法中的参数都是经验的。本研究提出了一种利用已知活动层厚度（ALT）和多年冻土基底深度来确定热边界条件的新方法。首先，利用实测资料验证了ALT和冻土基础深度估算方程的准确性。在此基础上，建立了冻土带热态数值模型，研究了冻土带热态变化与冻土带深度变化的关系。在此基础上，确定了ALT和冻土深度的主要影响参数。结果表明：(1)观测值与估算值之间的最大相对误差为15%，采用扩展的Stefan方程可以合理地估算多层土壤的ALT；(2)多年冻土实测深度与估算深度的最大相对误差为4.9%，可以用修正后的方程估算多年冻土基底深度；(3) ALT和冻土基底深度作为判断热边界条件可靠性的两个关键指标，需要适当设置，避免数值模拟出现不可接受的偏差。在本研究中，数值反演结果与实测温度的相对误差仅为5.4%，多年冻土地基适宜的ALT为2.5 m，深度为44.52 m；(4) ALT主要受地表融化指数和含水率控制，而冻土基底深度主要受地温梯度和年平均地温（MAGT）控制。在此基础上，提出了一种确定冻土模拟温度上限和热通量下限的方法。研究结果对多年冻土区岩土工程的设计和数值模拟具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0