Recycling, regeneration, and reutilization of cathode materials of spent LiNixCoyMn(1-x-y)O2 batteries

Abstract

In response to the imminent issue of climate change and in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, LiNi_xCo_yMn_(1-x-y)O₂ (NCM) batteries are favored in electric vehicles due to their advantages, but their large-scale production presents recycling challenges. Given the high content of critical metals in NCM cathode materials, the recycling potential of spent NCM batteries is significant. However, existing recycling methods fall short in providing theoretical guidance for industrial recycling applications. Recent research has focused on novel and green recycling methods to address these gaps. This review evaluates current recycling methods for NCM cathode materials, including the recovery of critical metals, regeneration of cathode materials, and their reutilization, while discussing recent advancements in pretreatment techniques. The aim is to enhance understanding and stimulate the development of better recycling solutions, providing theoretical foundations and technical support for the industrialization of battery recycling.