A newer electrochemical technique to use europium-doped CaZrO3 nanoparticles: Dopamine sensing and energy storage application

Abstract

This research focuses on the critical need for more efficient and stable materials in biosensing and energy storage, driven by the growing demand for accurate medical diagnostics and renewable energy solutions. In this study, Europium (Eu) doping was employed to enhance the performance of CaZrO₃ for dopamine detection and supercapacitor applications. Europium-doped CaZrO₃ (ECZO) nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated into a modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE) for dopamine detection. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) analyses revealed significant improvements in dopamine detection, with ECZO-MCPE achieving a peak current of 78.9 µA, a detection limit of 0.455 µM, and a quantification limit of 1.514 µM. The ECZO-MCPE also demonstrated remarkable stability, retaining 92 % of its activity after 20 cycles. In supercapacitor applications, ECZO NPs exhibited a specific capacitance of 243 F/g at a current density of 0.0005 A and an energy density of 48.6 Wh/kg at a power density of 1000 W/kg, with 86.48 % capacitance retention after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. These findings indicate that ECZO NPs are highly effective in enhancing electrode performance and hold promise for future advancements in biosensing and energy storage technologies.