The potential protective effects and mechanisms of fasting on neurodegenerative disorders: A narrative review

Abstract

This study aimed to review the potential neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of fasting in neurodegenerative disorders by synthesizing the existing literature. Research indicates that fasting may induce substantial modifications in both brain structure and function through diverse metabolic and cellular pathways. Preclinical studies utilizing animal models have elucidated several key mechanisms mediating these effects. The other significant proposed mechanism involves the modulation of gut microbiota during fasting periods. The intestinal microbiome functions as a crucial intermediary in the complex interplay between feeding patterns, circadian rhythms, and immune responses. These microbiome alterations may subsequently exert considerable influence on central nervous system functionality. Moreover, by reducing glucose availability, fasting has been shown to enhance the survival and resistance of healthy cells to adjuvant treatments in central nervous system tumors. Fasting presents a promising non-pharmacological intervention for neurodegenerative disorders, potentially offering both preventive and therapeutic benefits. However, the current evidence base remains preliminary, warranting extensive further investigation to validate these initial findings and establish robust clinical protocols for both efficacy and safety.