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Memory is improved and reflex maturation accelerated in the progeny of rat dams that consumed pequi (Caryocar Brasiliense). 食用枇杷(Caryocar Brasiliense)的大鼠后代记忆力增强,反射成熟加快。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149318
Suedna da Costa Silva Kindelan, Michelly Pires Queiroz, Jany Jacielly Dos Santos, Maria Lucia de Azevedo Oliveira, Paloma Cristina Milhomens Ferreira Melo, Camila Carolina de Menezes Santos Bertozzo, Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas, Natália Dantas de Oliveira, Raphaela Veloso Rodrigues Dantas, Marta Suely Madruga, Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares

This study evaluated the influence of maternal consumption of pequi pulp and nuts during pregnancy and lactation on reflex and somatic maturation and memory performance in rat offspring. The pups were divided into three groups: Control, treated with distilled water; a Pulp group and a Nuts group, treated with 2000 mg/kg of body weight of pequi pulp and nuts, respectively. Reflex and somatic maturation of the offspring were evaluated during lactation. Short and long-term memory consolidation in adolescent offspring were measured by evaluating habituation to the open field and object recognition. Data showed an acceleration of reflex maturation in three of the seven parameters evaluated in the Nuts group and four parameters in the Pulp group compared to the control. There was an acceleration in the appearance of somatic maturation in one parameter in the Nuts group and three in the pulp group compared to the control. The long-term object recognition rate was higher in the Nuts group compared to the control and highest in the Pulp group. Maternal levels of malonaldehyde in the brain were measured and their levels in the Pulp and Nuts groups were lower than those in the Control group. We can conclude that consumption of both pulp and pequi nuts promoted a reduction in oxidative stress in the maternal brain, promoted acceleration of reflex and somatic maturation, and improved long-term memory in the offspring, with these effects being more intense in the Pulp group.

本研究评估了母鼠在孕期和哺乳期食用皮蛋果肉和坚果对大鼠后代的反射和躯体成熟以及记忆能力的影响。幼鼠被分为三组:对照组,用蒸馏水处理;果肉组和坚果组,分别用每公斤体重 2000 毫克的皮蛋果肉和坚果处理。对哺乳期后代的反射和躯体成熟情况进行了评估。通过评估对空旷场地的适应性和物体识别能力,测量了青春期后代的短期和长期记忆巩固情况。数据显示,与对照组相比,坚果组和果肉组分别在七个评估参数中的三个和四个参数上加速了反射成熟。与对照组相比,坚果组的一项参数和果肉组的三项参数的躯体成熟加速。与对照组相比,坚果组的长期物体识别率更高,纸浆组最高。对母体大脑中丙二醛的水平进行了测量,纸浆组和坚果组的丙二醛水平低于对照组。我们可以得出结论,食用果肉和果仁都能减少母体大脑中的氧化应激,促进反射和躯体成熟的加速,并改善后代的长期记忆,而这些效果在果肉组中更为明显。
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引用次数: 0
DLGAP3 suppresses malignant behaviors of glioma cells via inhibiting RGS12-mediated MAPK/ERK signaling. DLGAP3 通过抑制 RGS12 介导的 MAPK/ERK 信号转导抑制胶质瘤细胞的恶性行为。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149334
Jing Wei, Yuan Li, Fangzheng Jiao, Xiaoya Wang, Han Zhou, Yifan Qiao, Zihan Yuan, Chao Qian, Yanlong Tian, Yan Fang

Background: Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, and is characterized by high recurrence, poor prognosis and especially complex pathogenesis. The synaptic plasticity-related protein DLGAP3 is mainly involved in the assembly and function of postsynaptic density complex. It's widely known that DLGAP3 participating in the occurrence of various neuropsychiatric diseases, but its role in glioma tumorigenesis remains largely unclear.

Methods: We ectopically expressed and knocked down DLGAP3 in glioma cells to perform a series of functional studies in vitro. Meanwhile, western blot analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, enrichment analysis and dual-luciferase reporter system assays were performed to explore the mechanism of DLGAP3 suppressing glioma tumorigenesis and progression.

Results: We found that DLGAP3 was low expressed in gliomas, and decreased DLGAP3 expression was strongly correlated with poor survival of glioma patients. Ectopic expression of DLGAP3 in glioma cell lines dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In addition, our data also showed that DLGAP3 can tightly connected with RGS12, and DLGAP3 overexpression significantly increased the expression of RGS12 and inhibited the phosphorylation levels of MEK and ERK. Furthermore, the RGS12 inhibited transcription and translation of BRAF, which further decreased the activity of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. This suggests that DLGAP3 may act as a tumor suppressor in gliomas and inhibits glioma tumorigenesis by regulating RGS12 and the downstream MAPK/ERK signals axis.

Conclusion: Our data indicates that DLGAP3 is a potential tumor suppressor and valuable prognostic biomarker in gliomas.

背景:胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的恶性肿瘤:胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,具有复发率高、预后差、发病机制复杂等特点。突触可塑性相关蛋白 DLGAP3 主要参与突触后密度复合体的组装和功能。众所周知,DLGAP3参与了多种神经精神疾病的发生,但其在胶质瘤肿瘤发生中的作用仍不明确:方法:我们在胶质瘤细胞中异位表达并敲除了 DLGAP3,在体外进行了一系列功能研究。同时,通过Western印迹分析、共免疫沉淀、富集分析和双荧光素酶报告系统实验,探讨DLGAP3抑制胶质瘤肿瘤发生和发展的机制:结果:我们发现DLGAP3在胶质瘤中低表达,且DLGAP3的表达量减少与胶质瘤患者的生存率低密切相关。在胶质瘤细胞系中异位表达 DLGAP3 能显著抑制细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移。此外,我们的数据还显示,DLGAP3与RGS12紧密相连,DLGAP3的过表达能显著增加RGS12的表达,抑制MEK和ERK的磷酸化水平。此外,RGS12还抑制了BRAF的转录和翻译,从而进一步降低了MAPK/ERK信号通路的活性。这表明,DLGAP3可能是胶质瘤的肿瘤抑制因子,通过调节RGS12和下游MAPK/ERK信号轴抑制胶质瘤的肿瘤发生:我们的数据表明,DLGAP3是胶质瘤中潜在的肿瘤抑制因子和有价值的预后生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Gamma oscillation optimally predicts finger movements 伽马振荡可最佳预测手指运动。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149335
Qi Chen, Elizabeth Flad, Rachel N. Gatewood, Maya S. Samih, Talon Krieger, Yan Gai
Our fingers are the most dexterous and complicated parts of our body and play a significant role in our daily activities. Non-invasive techniques, such as Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG) can be used to collect neural and muscular signals related to finger movements. In this study, we combined an 8-channel EMG and a 31-channel EEG while the human subject moved one of the five fingers on the right hand. To identify the best EEG frequency features that encode distinct finger movements, we systematically examined the decoding accuracies of the slow-cortical potentials and three types of sensorimotor rhythms, namely the Mu, beta, and gamma oscillations. For both EMG and EEG, we came up with a simple and unified root mean square or power approach that avoided the complex signal features used by previous studies. The signal features were then fed into a feedforward artificial-neural-network (ANN) classifier. We found that the low-gamma oscillation provided the best decoding performance over the other frequency bands, ranging from 65.0 % to 89.0 %, which was comparable to the EMG performance. Combining EMG and low gamma into a single ANN can further improve the outcome for subjects who had showed suboptimal performances with EMG or EEG alone. This study provided a simple and efficient algorithm for prosthetics that assist patients with sensorimotor impairments.
手指是人体最灵巧、最复杂的部位,在我们的日常活动中发挥着重要作用。脑电图(EEG)和肌电图(EMG)等非侵入性技术可用于收集与手指运动相关的神经和肌肉信号。在这项研究中,我们将 8 通道 EMG 和 31 通道 EEG 结合起来,同时让受试者移动右手五个手指中的一个。为了找出能编码不同手指运动的最佳脑电图频率特性,我们系统地检查了慢皮层电位和三种感觉运动节律(即 Mu、β 和 gamma 振荡)的解码准确性。对于肌电图和脑电图,我们采用了简单统一的均方根或功率法,避免了以往研究中使用的复杂信号特征。然后将信号特征输入前馈人工神经网络(ANN)分类器。我们发现,与其他频段相比,低伽马振荡的解码性能最好,从 65.0% 到 89.0%,与肌电图的性能相当。将肌电图和低伽玛振荡结合到一个单一的方差分析网络中,可以进一步改善仅使用肌电图或脑电图就表现不佳的受试者的结果。这项研究为辅助感知运动障碍患者的假肢提供了一种简单高效的算法。
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引用次数: 0
High-gamma frequency flash stimulation as a possible cognitive facilitator in rat pups. 高伽马频率闪光刺激可能促进大鼠幼崽的认知能力
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149314
Yu Fu, Qingfeng Zhai

High-gamma frequency flashes can enhance cognition by synchronizing neural oscillations in mammals. Early flash treatment promotes the development of improved cognitive functions in young children. However, it is unclear whether exposure to high-gamma frequency flashes in preschool-aged individuals affects cognition in preadolescents by regulating neural oscillations in the brain. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of gamma-frequency flashes on cognitive ability. In this study, the effect of high-frequency flicker on cognitive performance was verified by behavioural experiments such as the open-field test and the water maze, but also proteomics. We found that external 40 Hz and 70 Hz frequency flashes synchronized neural oscillations at the corresponding frequencies in the primary visual cortex (V1) of rats. Rats that underwent 70 Hz flash intervention had better cognitive behavioural performance in the early stages of training. The 70 Hz flash frequency upregulated proteins associated with neuronal growth and differentiation, such as Snapin, FoxO3, Hspa12a, and Penk, and activated the MAPK signalling pathway, signalling pathway regulating stem cell pluripotency, and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway. These proteins and pathways play important roles in cognitive functions. Our study revealed that 70 Hz flashes received by young children early in their development substantially promote the growth of cognitive capabilities in the brain. Exposure to 70 Hz flashes may be a new intervention method and a new strategy for improving cognition.

高伽马频率闪光可以通过同步哺乳动物的神经振荡来提高认知能力。早期闪光治疗可促进幼儿认知功能的改善。然而,学龄前儿童接触高伽马频率闪光是否会通过调节大脑神经振荡来影响青春期前儿童的认知能力,目前尚不清楚。在此,我们旨在研究伽马频率闪光对认知能力的影响。在这项研究中,高频闪烁对认知能力的影响通过开阔地测试和水迷宫等行为实验以及蛋白质组学得到了验证。我们发现,外部 40 赫兹和 70 赫兹频率的闪烁能使大鼠初级视觉皮层(V1)中相应频率的神经振荡同步。接受70赫兹闪光干预的大鼠在训练初期的认知行为表现更好。70赫兹闪光频率会上调与神经元生长和分化相关的蛋白质,如Snapin、FoxO3、Hspa12a和Penk,并激活MAPK信号通路、调节干细胞多能性的信号通路以及神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路。这些蛋白和通路在认知功能中发挥着重要作用。我们的研究发现,幼儿在发育早期接受 70 赫兹闪光,会大大促进大脑认知能力的增长。接触 70 赫兹闪光可能是一种新的干预方法和改善认知的新策略。
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引用次数: 0
Upstream regulation of microRNA-9 through a complex cellular machinery during neurogenesis 在神经发生过程中,通过复杂的细胞机制对 microRNA-9 进行上游调控。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149328
Diji Kuriakose , Hong-mei Zhu , Yi-ling Zhao , Fuad A. Iraqi , Grant Morahan , Zhi-cheng Xiao

Summary

While microRNAs (miRs) like miR-9 are crucial for neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, their regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. miR-9 is highly expressed in the brain and plays a significant role in neurogenesis. Using the Collaborative Cross resource, we identified significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) through genetic analyses. We then characterized over 130 candidate genes within these QTL regions using RNA interference, qPCR, and neuronal differentiation assays, narrowing them down to 13 promising candidates. Among these, Panx2, Polr1c, and Mgea5 were found to colocalize in the neurogenic niches of the SVZ and DG regions, as shown by immunofluorescence. Further ChIP-seq and Co-IP analyses revealed their interaction and binding to the miR-9 locus, forming a DNA-protein regulatory complex we termed ’miRSome-9.’ A 3C/ChIP-loop assay confirmed the chromatin organization of miRSome-9 at the miR-9 locus, shedding light on the upstream mechanisms regulating miR-9 expression during neurogenesis.
虽然miR-9等微RNA(miRs)对神经发生和神经元分化至关重要,但它们的调控机制并不十分清楚。miR-9在大脑中高度表达,在神经发生中发挥着重要作用。利用协作交叉资源,我们通过遗传分析确定了重要的数量性状位点(QTL)。然后,我们利用 RNA 干扰、qPCR 和神经元分化实验对这些 QTL 区域内的 130 多个候选基因进行了表征,最终将候选基因缩小到 13 个。免疫荧光显示,其中Panx2、Polr1c和Mgea5在SVZ和DG区域的神经源龛中共定位。进一步的 ChIP-seq 和 Co-IP 分析揭示了它们与 miR-9 基因座的相互作用和结合,形成了我们称之为 "miRSome-9 "的 DNA 蛋白调控复合物。3C/ChIP环分析证实了miRSome-9在miR-9基因座上的染色质组织,揭示了神经发生过程中调控miR-9表达的上游机制。
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引用次数: 0
Diosmin alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent cellular pyroptosis after stroke through RSK2/CREB pathway. 地奥司明通过RSK2/CREB通路缓解中风后NLRP3炎症体依赖性细胞脓毒症。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149336
Yanfei Lu, Min Shi, Wei Huang, Fenfen Li, Haowei Liang, Wenbing Liu, Tianyi Huang, Zhen Xu

In the context of our previous analyses on the main active ingredients of Jieyudan, a classic formula targeting aphasia in stroke, we further delve into the function and mechanisms of its active ingredient, Diosmin (DM), which may exert neuroprotective effects, in ischemic stroke. Herein, bioinformatics analysis revealed targets of DM and their intersection with differentially expressed genes in ischemic stroke. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cells were used to construct in vivo and in vitro models of ischemic stroke. The effects of DM on MCAO rats were assessed by Zea-Longa score, Morris water maze, TTC staining, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. At the cellular level, cell counting kit-8 assay and Western blot were carried out to verify the mechanism of DM in ischemic stroke. In vivo, DM decreased neurological deficit score, cerebral infarct volume and neuronal damage, and improved cognitive function in MCAO rats. In vitro, DM increased the viability of OGD-treated cells. In addition, DM down-regulated the expressions of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and pyroptosis-associated proteins, while up-regulating ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3 (RSK2) level and activating cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. Conversely, RSK2 inhibitor LJH685 reduced the viability and promoted pyroptosis-associated protein levels, which also partially reversed the effects of DM in vitro. Collectively, DM plays a therapeutic role in ischemic stroke by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cellular pyroptosis via the RSK2/CREB pathway.

接上文分析了针对中风失语症的经典方剂积玉丹的主要有效成分,我们进一步研究了积玉丹的有效成分薯蓣皂甙(DM)在缺血性中风中的功能和机制,它可能具有神经保护作用。在此,生物信息学分析揭示了DM的靶点及其与缺血性脑卒中差异表达基因的交叉。研究人员利用大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)大鼠和氧-葡萄糖剥夺(OGD)细胞构建了缺血性脑卒中的体内和体外模型。通过Zea-Longa评分、Morris水迷宫、TTC染色、Nissl染色、免疫组化和Western印迹等方法评估了DM对MCAO大鼠的影响。在细胞水平上,通过细胞计数试剂盒-8检测和Western印迹来验证DM在缺血性脑卒中中的作用机制。在体内,DM降低了MCAO大鼠的神经功能缺损评分、脑梗死体积和神经元损伤,改善了认知功能。在体外,DM提高了OGD处理细胞的活力。此外,DM还能下调NLR家族含吡咯啉结构域3(NLRP3)和裂解相关蛋白的表达,同时上调核糖体蛋白S6激酶A3(RSK2)水平,激活环-AMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号转导。相反,RSK2抑制剂LJH685可降低细胞活力,促进细胞内热休克相关蛋白水平的升高,并部分逆转DM在体外的作用。总之,DM通过RSK2/CREB途径抑制NLRP3炎性体介导的细胞热凋亡,从而在缺血性中风中发挥治疗作用。
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引用次数: 0
In vivo characterization of ACE2 expression in Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured primary brain pericytes highlights the utility of Rattus norvegicus in the study of COVID-19 brain pathophysiology. ACE2在Sprague-Dawley大鼠和培养的原代脑周细胞中表达的体内特征突出表明了鼠脑在研究COVID-19脑病理生理学中的实用性。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149333
Eugene Park, Elaine Liu, Andrew J Baker

A high number of COVID-19 patients report ongoing neurological impairments including headache, fatigue and memory impairments. Our understanding of COVID-19 disease mechanisms in the brain is limited and relies on post-mortem human tissues, in vitro studies in various cell lines (both human and animal) as well as preclinical studies in a variety of species. Notably the use of rats in the study of COVID-19 has been scarce in part due to early reports of low infectivity of the original Wuhan strain in mice and rats. Evidence has shown that subsequent strains that have mutated from the original strain and are capable of infection in rats. Here we present an immunohistological characterization of ACE2 expression in the rat brain perivascular region. We found ACE2 to be expressed in pericytes but not endothelial cells or astrocytes in the perivascular space. We further examined the uptake of Omicron variants 1.1.529 and BA.2 receptor binding domains (RBD) of the SARS-CoV2 spike protein in primary brain pericytes derived from rats. We demonstrate that rat primary brain pericytes are susceptible to SARS-CoV2 spike protein uptake and induce functional changes in pericytes associated with a reduction in tight junction protein expression. These data provide evidence that rat primary cell responses to SARS-CoV2 infection are consistent with reports of infectivity in other species (transgenic mice expressing hACE2, ferrets, hamsters) and supports the use of this model organism with a long history of use in the study of disease which should be leveraged for study of COVID-19 in the brain.

很多 COVID-19 患者都报告了持续的神经系统损伤,包括头痛、疲劳和记忆力减退。我们对 COVID-19 在大脑中的发病机制了解有限,主要依赖于死后人体组织、各种细胞系(人类和动物)的体外研究以及各种物种的临床前研究。值得注意的是,在 COVID-19 的研究中很少使用大鼠,部分原因是早期有报告称最初的武汉毒株在小鼠和大鼠中的感染率较低。有证据表明,从原始菌株变异而来的后续菌株能够感染大鼠。在此,我们对大鼠脑血管周围区域 ACE2 的表达进行了免疫组织学鉴定。我们发现 ACE2 在血管周围区域的周细胞中表达,但不包括内皮细胞或星形胶质细胞。我们进一步研究了大鼠原代脑周细胞对 SARS-CoV2 穗状病毒蛋白的 Omicron 变体 1.1.529 和 BA.2 受体结合域(RBD)的吸收情况。我们的研究表明,大鼠原代脑周细胞容易摄取 SARS-CoV2 穗状病毒蛋白,并诱发与紧密连接蛋白表达减少有关的脑周细胞功能变化。这些数据证明,大鼠原代细胞对 SARS-CoV2 感染的反应与其他物种(表达 hACE2 的转基因小鼠、雪貂、仓鼠)的感染性报告一致,并支持使用这种具有悠久疾病研究历史的模型生物体来研究 COVID-19 在大脑中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Neurotranscriptomic and behavioral effects of ISRIB, and its therapeutic effects in the traumatic brain injury model in zebrafish ISRIB 的神经转录组学和行为学效应及其在斑马鱼创伤性脑损伤模型中的治疗效果。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149329
Nikita P. Ilyin , Anton D. Shevlyakov , Galina A. Boyko , Anastasia M. Moskalenko , Aleksey N. Ikrin , David S. Galstyan , Tatiana O. Kolesnikova , Nataliia V. Katolikova , Sergei A. Chekrygin , Lee Wei Lim , LongEn Yang , Murilo S. De Abreu , Konstantin B. Yenkoyan , Allan V. Kalueff , Konstantin A. Demin
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global medical concern and has a lasting impact on brain activity with high risks of mortality. Current treatments are inadequate for repairing damaged brain cells or correcting cognitive and behavioral disabilities in TBI patients. Mounting evidence links TBI to the activation of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) signaling in the brain. A novel small molecule, ISRIB, is an effective inhibitor of the ISR pathway, offering potential advantages for brain health. Here, we investigated how ISRIB affects brain transcriptome and behavior in zebrafish TBI model evoked by telencephalic brain injury. Overall, while TBI diminished memory and social behavior in zebrafish, administering ISRIB post-injury markedly reduced these behavioral deficits, and modulated brain gene expression, rescuing TBI-activated pathways related to inflammation and brain cell development. Collectively, this supports the role of brain ISR in TBI, and suggests potential utility of ISRIB for the treatment of TBI-related states.
创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是一个全球性的医学问题,它对大脑活动具有持久的影响,并有很高的致死风险。目前的治疗方法不足以修复受损的脑细胞或纠正创伤性脑损伤患者的认知和行为障碍。越来越多的证据表明,创伤性脑损伤与大脑中综合应激反应(ISR)信号的激活有关。一种新型小分子 ISRIB 是 ISR 通路的有效抑制剂,为大脑健康提供了潜在的优势。在这里,我们研究了 ISRIB 如何影响由端脑脑损伤诱发的创伤性脑损伤模型中斑马鱼的脑转录组和行为。总体而言,虽然创伤性脑损伤削弱了斑马鱼的记忆力和社会行为,但在受伤后施用 ISRIB 能显著减少这些行为缺陷,并调节大脑基因表达,挽救创伤性脑损伤激活的与炎症和脑细胞发育相关的通路。总之,这支持了脑 ISR 在创伤性脑损伤中的作用,并表明 ISRIB 有可能用于治疗创伤性脑损伤相关状态。
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引用次数: 0
ViTAD: Leveraging modified vision transformer for Alzheimer’s disease multi-stage classification from brain MRI scans ViTAD:利用改进的视觉转换器从脑磁共振成像扫描中对阿尔茨海默病进行多阶段分类。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149302
Md. Ashif Mahmud Joy , Shamima Nasrin , Ayesha Siddiqua , Dewan Md. Farid
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that significantly impairs cognitive functions, particularly memory and thinking skills. The presence of AD in millions of individuals worldwide constitutes a substantial global health challenge. Timely and accurate diagnosis of AD is critical for effective management and improved patient outcomes. This study introduces ViTAD, an innovative method for classifying five stages of AD from brain MRI images, leveraging a Vision Transformer (ViT) model. The proposed model modifies Google’s ViT architecture, incorporating fine-tuned hyperparameters and additional layers to enhance its performance for AD stage detection. The dataset comprises 1,296 brain MRI images from the ADNI dataset, covering five stages of AD: Cognitively Normal (CN), Early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI), Late Mild Cognitive Impairment (LMCI), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Our preprocessing pipeline includes grayscale to RGB conversion, image cropping, and the application of a Laplacian sharpening filter to enhance image clarity. Data augmentation was performed using horizontal/vertical flips, zoom, and rotation to ensure model robustness. We allocated 85% of the dataset for training and 15% for testing. Upon training the model for 20 epochs with a learning rate of 0.0001, ViTAD achieved a remarkable 99.98% accuracy, with 100% precision and an F1-score of 1.00. ViTAD’s superior performance in the multi-class classification task outperforms several conventional CNN-based models such as DenseNet and EfficientNet, which struggled with the 5-class AD detection task. Additionally, ViTAD demonstrated high efficiency, achieving optimal accuracy within only 8 epochs, far surpassing traditional CNN models in speed and accuracy. These findings highlight the significant potential of ViTAD as an automated, accurate, and efficient tool for early diagnosis of AD, offering valuable support in clinical settings.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种渐进性神经系统疾病,严重损害认知功能,尤其是记忆和思维能力。全世界有数百万人患有阿尔茨海默病,这对全球健康构成了巨大挑战。及时准确地诊断出老年痴呆症对于有效管理和改善患者预后至关重要。本研究介绍了 ViTAD,这是一种利用视觉转换器(ViT)模型从脑磁共振成像图像中对注意力缺失症的五个阶段进行分类的创新方法。所提出的模型修改了谷歌的 ViT 架构,纳入了经过微调的超参数和附加层,以提高其在 AD 阶段检测方面的性能。数据集包括来自 ADNI 数据集的 1,296 张脑磁共振成像图像,涵盖 AD 的五个阶段:认知正常(CN)、早期轻度认知障碍(EMCI)、晚期轻度认知障碍(LMCI)、轻度认知障碍(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)。我们的预处理流程包括灰度到 RGB 转换、图像裁剪和应用拉普拉斯锐化滤波器来提高图像清晰度。为了确保模型的稳健性,我们使用水平/垂直翻转、缩放和旋转等方法对数据进行了增强。我们将数据集的 85% 用于训练,15% 用于测试。在以 0.0001 的学习率对模型进行了 20 次历时训练后,ViTAD 的准确率达到了 99.98%,精确度为 100%,F1 分数为 1.00。ViTAD 在多类分类任务中的优异表现优于 DenseNet 和 EfficientNet 等几种基于 CNN 的传统模型,而这些模型在 5 类 AD 检测任务中表现不佳。此外,ViTAD 还表现出很高的效率,只用了 8 个历时就达到了最佳准确率,在速度和准确率上都远远超过了传统的 CNN 模型。这些发现凸显了 ViTAD 作为一种自动、准确、高效的工具在早期诊断注意力缺失症方面的巨大潜力,为临床提供了宝贵的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Cellular stress response and neuroprotection of flavonoids in neurodegenerative diseases: Clinical insights into targeted therapy and molecular signaling pathways 黄酮类化合物在神经退行性疾病中的细胞应激反应和神经保护作用:对靶向治疗和分子信号通路的临床见解。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149310
Biswajit Kumar Utpal , Baishakhi Sutradhar , Mehrukh Zehravi , Sherouk Hussein Sweilam , Trupti Pratik Durgawale , Uppuluri Varuna Naga Venkata Arjun , Thukani Sathanantham Shanmugarajan , Shruthi Paramasivam Kannan , P. Dharani Prasad , Md. Rageeb Md. Usman , Konatham Teja Kumar Reddy , Rokeya Sultana , Mohammed Ali Alshehri , Safia Obaidur Rab , Muath Suliman , Talha Bin Emran
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are caused by the gradual decline of neuronal structure and function, which presents significant challenges in treatment. Cellular stress responses significantly impact the pathophysiology of these disorders, often exacerbating neuronal damage. Plant-derived flavonoids have demonstrated potential as neuroprotective agents due to their potent anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the molecular processes and clinical insights that cause the neuroprotective properties of flavonoids in NDs. By controlling essential signaling pathways such as Nrf2/ARE, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, flavonoids can lower cellular stress and improve neuronal survival. The study discusses the challenges of implementing these discoveries in clinical practice and emphasizes the therapeutic potential of specific flavonoids and their derivatives. Flavonoids are identified as potential therapeutic agents for NDs, potentially slowing progression by regulating cellular stress and improving neuroprotection despite their potential medicinal uses and clinical challenges. The study designed a strategy to identify literature published in prestigious journals, utilizing search results from PubMed, Scopus, and WOS. We selected and investigated original studies, review articles, and research reports published until 2024. It suggests future research and therapeutic approaches to effectively utilize the neuroprotective properties of flavonoids.
神经退行性疾病(NDs)是由神经元结构和功能的逐渐衰退引起的,这给治疗带来了巨大挑战。细胞应激反应对这些疾病的病理生理学有重大影响,通常会加剧神经元损伤。植物黄酮类化合物因其强大的抗炎、抗凋亡和抗氧化特性,已被证明具有作为神经保护剂的潜力。本综述深入分析了黄酮类化合物在 NDs 中具有神经保护特性的分子过程和临床见解。通过控制Nrf2/ARE、MAPK和PI3K/Akt等重要信号通路,类黄酮可降低细胞压力并改善神经元存活率。研究讨论了在临床实践中实施这些发现所面临的挑战,并强调了特定类黄酮及其衍生物的治疗潜力。尽管黄酮类化合物具有潜在的药用价值,但它们被认为是NDs的潜在治疗药物,可通过调节细胞应激和改善神经保护来延缓NDs的发展。本研究设计了一种策略,利用 PubMed、Scopus 和 WOS 的搜索结果来确定发表在著名期刊上的文献。我们选择并调查了 2024 年之前发表的原创研究、综述文章和研究报告。该研究提出了有效利用类黄酮神经保护特性的未来研究和治疗方法。
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Brain Research
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