RECENT TRENDS IN THE USE OF CELL SALVAGER FOR ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA AND ELECTIVE SURGERIES-A NARRATIVE REVIEW.

Abstract

Intraoperative blood loss management is a critical concern in orthopaedic surgeries, particularly in trauma and complex elective procedures. Traditionally, allogeneic blood transfusions have been used to manage significant blood loss, but they carry risks such as transfusion reactions, infections, and increased healthcare costs. Cell salvage, or autotransfusion, offers a safer alternative by collecting, processing, and reinfusing the patient's own blood during surgery. This article explores recent trends in the use of cell salvage in orthopaedic trauma and elective surgeries, highlighting its growing adoption in high-blood-loss procedures such as pelvic fractures, long bone injuries, and revision arthroplasties. We discuss the indications, including use in patients with rare blood types, religious objections to donor blood, and pre-existing anaemia. The advantages of cell salvage, such as reducing dependency on allogeneic transfusions, minimizing transfusion reactions, and providing cost-effectiveness, are weighed against its limitations, including high initial costs, contraindications in certain procedures, and the need for specialized training. Recent advances in cell salvage technology, which enhance the safety and efficiency of the process, are also examined. As orthopaedic practices evolve toward more patient-centered, cost-effective care, the role of cell salvage is expected to grow, making it a valuable tool in modern blood management strategies.