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Yucca gloriosa leaves contain a considerable number of steroid glycosides. In the plant's intact leaves, the biosynthesis of furostanol glycosides occurs, which are then converted into spirostanol glycosides by the action of β-glucosidase. Two forms of β-glucosidase are found in Yucca gloriosa leaves. Form I (molecular weight 32,000) hydrolyzes both oligofurostanosides, converting them into the corresponding oligospirostanosides, as well as the synthetic substrate 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. Form II (molecular weight 68,000) hydrolyzes only 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and does not cleave oligofurostanosides. Both enzymes have an optimum temperature of 37°C and an optimum pH of 6.3-6.5. Glucono-1,5-lactone inhibited the activity of both enzymes. The β-glucosidase of Form I shows higher affinity for its natural substrates than for the synthetic ones. The Km value for the β-glucosidase of Form I is 7.7 mM in relation to the total oligofurostanosides of the leaves of Yucca gloriosa, and 18.3 mM in relation to the synthetic substrate. The affinity for the natural substrates is higher than for the synthetic ones. The data received allow us to conclude that the affinity of Form I β-glucosidase from Yucca gloriosa leaves does not depend on either the structure of the oligosaccharide fragment linked to the nucleus or the structure of the aglycone (of steroid origin).

The aim of the study was the clinical study of the framework ability of the PRF scaffold obtained by simultaneous centrifugation of the patient's blood and bone-plastic material.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients, aged between 20 and 50 years, with radicular cysts of the jaws, were selected for inclusion into the clinical studies. All patients were divided into groups I and II, who underwent cystectomy and bone plastic surgery according to the standard technique using mineralized CenoBone®. However, group II used a scaffold prepared according to the protocol developed by us (patent №136410 and patent №156181) using a titanium Ti-6Al-4V filter developed by us (patent № 152966).

Results: The results of the aforementioned postoperative radiological examinations confirm the efficacy of the filter, and the technique devised by our research team, which enables the creation of a stable fibrin matrix with embedded granules of bone-plastic material. The efficacy of the treatment was evidenced by the simultaneous uniform regeneration of bone tissue across the entire thickness of the defect in group II, with a success rate of 86.66%. This is evidenced by the organized architecture of bone tissue with a pronounced trabecular pattern, which correlated with bone density indices from 715.18+14.33 to 652.42+27.34 HU. In this group of patients, these values corresponded to the intact bone. In contrast, in 22 (77.08%) patients of group I, the predominant bone structure was compact, with values ranging from 965.47+21.25 to 876.26+24.67 HU. This observation is believed to be attributed to the presence of unresorbed material granules, which form a compact framework for bone germination. Nevertheless, among the 22 patients in group I, only 13 (59.09%) exhibited complete restoration of the defect, while the remaining 9 (40.91%) displayed indications of merely peripheral bone restoration, characterized by a pronounced granular pattern in the centre.

Conclusions: The stable combined fibrin scaffold obtained by us, has a pronounced osteoconductive and osteoinductive effect, which is reflected in the complete restoration of bone tissue throughout the thickness of the defect.

Transglutaminase 1 catalyzes the creation of covalent bonds between proteins, play an essential role in various biological processes and industrial applications. The study aims to isolate and purify transglutaminase 1 from the blood serum of healthy individuals using numerous biochemical techniques. TGMs 1 are isolated and purified from the blood serum of healthy volunteers samples who were not smokers and had not taken any medications at the time of the sample collection. The results show that these techniques included precipitation with 65% ammonium sulfate, dialysis, and negative ion exchange chromatography, successfully separating a single prominent band with high activity using DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme activity recovery was estimated at approximately 33.01%. Subsequently, gel filtration using Sephadex G-100 revealed a single fraction with high TGM 1 activity. This fraction exhibited a purification factor of 9.09, with an estimated recovery of enzyme activity of around 29.6%. The isolated and purified TGM 1's approximate molecular weight was around 73,115 Daltons, as assessed through gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-100. The study indicated that the optimal conditions for the isolated and partially purified TGM 1 enzyme were a pH of 6.4 and a temperature of 37°C, using a concentration of 0.5 mmol/L of the substrate tetramethylbenzidine. The results indicated that purified TGM1 may be an alternative to other sources.

Objective: To investigate the current vision status and health trend of computer science students at a certain university, and to compare the effects of exercise and painting on the prevention of myopia and the improvement of visual health.

Methods: The study involved testing and recording the vision of students from the 2020, 2021, and 2022 cohorts upon their entry to the university, analysing the changes in vision of the 2020 cohort students over three consecutive years, and recording the vision of students from the 2021 cohort who participated in basketball, table tennis, roller skating, and painting interest classes as well as non-interest classes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 software, with the chi-square (χ2) test and chi-square trend test used for intergroup comparisons.

Results: The rate of poor vision among new students showed an increasing trend over three consecutive years, at 84.72%, 87.22%, and 89.12%, respectively. The vision development of the 2020 cohort students showed a significant downward trend over three academic years (χ2 trend=16.829, P=0.000). After interventions involving exercise and painting, there was a significant difference in vision between students in the interest classes and those in the non-interest classes (χ2=11.429, P=0.010), with students in the interest classes showing noticeable improvements in visual health.

Conclusion: The rate of poor vision among computer science students at a certain university is on the rise. However, through interventions involving exercise and painting, students' visual health has significantly improved, and the rate of vision decline has been effectively slowed.

This study investigates the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms behind decision-making under stress in competitive sports, focusing on how the development of decision-making skills enhances stress resilience and improves athletic performance. The research examines how high-pressure environments affect athletes' ability to make quick decisions and explores effective training methods, including video-based feedback and virtual reality simulations. The study draws on cognitive-behavioral, neurobiological, and ecological models to analyze key findings from empirical research. Results indicate that targeted cognitive training, particularly through video simulation and virtual reality, significantly improves decision-making abilities under stress, enhancing emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility. These improvements are crucial for athletes in maintaining high performance under pressure. The research concludes that integrating decision-making training into sports preparation not only boosts immediate competitive results but also strengthens long-term stress resilience and mental health.

Diabetes mellitus is a well-known predisposing factor for oral diseases.

Aim: To evaluate dental caries and periodontal status of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Materials and methods: Eighty children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (age 10-15 years) have received a comprehensive oral health examination, that included the DMFT index for permanent teeth, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR). P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: HbA1c values indicated poor metabolic control of diabetes in children, which also adversely affected their oral health (9.45±2.87). The mean DMFT index in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus was notably higher at 6.56±3.56. Similarly, the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were significantly higher (2.04±0.39/1.18±0.63). In contrast, the stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) was observed to be lower (0.86±0.16). There was significant positive correlation between DMFT index and PI (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Children with T1DM exhibit poor oral health conditions related to the level of metabolic control. Maintenance of toothbrushing habits and regular dental check-ups recommended to manage and prevent these complications. Additionally, proper management of metabolic control can also help mitigate the adverse effects on oral health.

Background: Depression is a mental disorder characterized by a persistent and long-lasting depressive mood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression among university students in China and to provide guidance for psychological intervention and improvement of depression among this specific population.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, CNKI, Wang-fang database, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles. The articles were cross-sectional studies focusing on the prevalence of depression among university students in China, with clearly defined criteria for diagnosing depression included. Excel was used independently and in duplicate to perform the screening process that involved title, abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias. The standards recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used to evaluate the quality of observational studies.

Results: STATA 11.0 was used to pool the outcomes and perform meta-analysis, including the prevalence of depression among university students and influential factors such as sex, major, region, and the impact of COVID-19.

Conclusion: Practical psychological interventions are needed in universities in China. Continuously attention is suggested to be paid to Chinese university students' mental health, especially after public health event such as COVID-19.

The study aims to investigate the Isolation, Characterization & Antihypertensive Life of Natural Alkaloids out of certain Selected Plants. The Alstonia scholaris papers used in this study are generally available in the tropics and can be obtained in Asia. The plant sample was verified by the pharmacognosy and pharmacology department. The powdered leaves of Alstonia scholaris (500 gm) are macerated using 1% HCl (pH 2) at space temperature overnight. After that, the combination was produced alkaline by putting 25% NH4OH solution (pH 9). The combination's color changed from the red wine to the black. The alkaline mixture was then bounced satisfactorily and purified using Whatman filter paper. Four fractions (15-19) were collected from column chromatography. All the fractions have shown the same Rf value in the TLC fingerprint, therefore they are incorporated established on TLC analysis generated in Hexane: Ethyl acetate (14:6). Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, i.e. N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester was used to produce hypertension in rats in (40 mg/ml/kg, i.p.). Every day, it is solubilized in 0.9 per cent NaCl solution. Colourless powder compound was obtained (yield 0.4%) and having MP 132-1340 C. Rf value in (Hexane: Ethyl acetate,65:35) at 0.55, UV-Vis λmax in methanol: (nm) 297, IR (KBr), m 913 (N-H bending), 1260 (C-N Stretching), 1396 (C-N), 1165, 1259 (-C-O- stretching) 1396, 1464 (C=C, Ar.), 2831, 2928 (C-H, Aliphatic) and 3564, 3315 (N-H Stretching). The 1H NMR spectrum also portrayed the distinctive peaks for various chemical compounds. The peak of 7.28-8.85 ppm was due to multiple aromatic protons. The 6.94-7.04 ppm peaks were characteristic of ethylene amino protons, and the 1.57-2 ppm peaks were allocated to alcohol protons. L-NAME significantly elevated MABP, SBP, and DBP in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats but not HR. The mean arterial blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of pentobarbital-anaesthetized L-NAME caused hypertensive rats do not alter after a single intragastric injection of the isolated alkaloid. Finally, isolated alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris supplement had antihypertensive properties in hypertensive rats.

Professional burnout is a significant issue in healthcare, particularly among primary healthcare (PHC) workers. This study aims to assess the prevalence and contributing factors to professional burnout among PHC workers in Kazakhstan, a country undergoing healthcare reforms and the implementation of new medical care standards.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2021 to 2023 across 324 medical organizations in Kazakhstan, including 232 organizations in 2021, 76 in 2022, and 16 in 2023. The study involved 10,459 participants: 2,595 doctors, 5,612 nurses, and 2,252 healthcare managers. Data were collected using a shortened version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire, assessing emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal achievement (PA). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22, employing binary logistic regression to evaluate the impact of various factors on burnout indicators.

Results: The study found that young PHC workers aged 18-39 exhibited the highest levels of emotional exhaustion, with mean EE scores of 3.81±0.45 for doctors, 3.72±0.44 for nurses, and 3.72±0.44 for managers. In contrast, workers over 60 years old reported lower EE levels: 3.28±0.40 for doctors, 3.30±0.40 for nurses, and 3.38±0.41 for managers. Female PHC workers demonstrated lower risks of EE (OR=0.80, 95% CI [0.66, 0.97], p=0.022) and DP (OR=0.79, 95% CI [0.65, 0.96], p=0.025) compared to males, but also reported lower PA levels (OR=0.81, 95% CI [0.67, 0.99], p=0.027). Additionally, managers with postgraduate education had higher risks of EE (OR=1.25, 95% CI [1.05, 1.50], p=0.015), DP (OR=1.28, 95% CI [1.06, 1.54], p=0.013), and PA (OR=1.34, 95% CI [1.10, 1.63], p=0.015). Regional differences were also significant, with the highest PA levels observed in the Turkestan region (OR=1.4, 95% CI [1.14, 1.71], p=0.011), and the highest EE levels in Pavlodar (OR=1.33, 95% CI [1.11, 1.60], p=0.010).

Conclusions: The findings highlight significant variability in burnout levels among PHC workers in Kazakhstan, influenced by age, gender, education level, work experience, and geographic region. Younger workers and those with less experience are at higher risk of burnout, while regional disparities suggest the need for tailored interventions. Addressing these factors is crucial to improving job satisfaction and mental well-being among PHC workers in Kazakhstan.

The study efforts on evaluating the effectiveness, complications, and advancements in endovascular interventions such as angioplasty, stenting, embolization, and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) across various patient groups and vascular diseases.

Methods: Patients undergoing endovascular procedures were meticulously prepared with detailed history, physical examinations, and relevant investigations. Procedures were conducted in dedicated areas like the Cath Lab and hybrid operation rooms equipped with fluoroscopic imaging systems. Interventions included balloon angioplasty, stent insertion, embolization, and EVAR. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of the interventions.

Results: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Out of 941 cases, 62.5% were male and 91% were over 40 years old. Femoral artery (25.8%) and below-the-knee (38%) were common lesion sites. Balloon angioplasty was used in 77.7% of cases, with a 73.7% success rate. Complications were minimal, with 96.3% reporting none. Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Repair: Among 29 patients, 86.2% were male, and 89.7% had abdominal aortic aneurysms. EVAR was performed in 86.2% of cases, with a 96.6% success rate and minimal complications (6.9% wound infection). Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): In 16 cases, 75% of treatments were effective, with 93.75% experiencing no complications. Venous Hypertension in CKD Patients on Dialysis: All 18 patients were aged 46-65. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 38.89% of cases, with 44.44% success rate and no complications. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS): In 23 patients, coil embolization was used, achieving 100% success with no complications. Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): Out of 23 cases, 87% were successfully treated with embolization, and 13% were referred for surgery. Arterial Aneurysms: Three cases of aneurysms in different arteries were successfully treated with stent-grafts, with no complications. Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS): All three cases were treated successfully with balloon angioplasty, with no complications.

Conclusion: Over two years, endovascular interventions at our center demonstrated significant advancements and high success rates with minimal complications. The study underscores the efficacy and safety of these techniques in treating a variety of vascular conditions, highlighting the potential for improved patient outcomes and recovery. Continuous advancements in endovascular technology and techniques promise further enhancements in the management of complex vascular diseases.