Investigation of Al Kα satellite lines through a high-efficiency multi-channel FSSR

Abstract

Investigating the interactions between energetic electrons and metals, which generate diagram lines and satellite lines, can provide insights into atomic de-excitation dynamics, chemical compositions, and ionization cross-sections. In this paper, we introduce a self-developed multi-channel Focusing Spectrometer with Spatial Resolution (FSSR) and measure K-shell X-ray spectra from an Al target impacted by an electron beam. Our results show the K_α diagram line and satellite lines K_αLⁿ (n = 1–4). The high-contrast spectral result demonstrates the efficiency and sensitivity of our FSSR in detecting these satellite lines. Additionally, we compare the energy shifts of different satellite line groups relative to the diagram line with theoretical models. We also calculate the Al KL double ionization cross-sections and estimate the TS2 process cross-sections.