{"title":"Biomechanical predictors of primary ACL injury: A scoping review of prospective studies","authors":"Rachel K. Straub, Christopher M. Powers","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>ACL injuries commonly occur in non-contact situations, particularly in sports involving jumping, landing, and cutting. Numerous biomechanical predictors for non-contact ACL injury have been proposed, yet existing reviews on biomechanical predictors vary in scope and findings.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This review aims to identify biomechanical predictors of primary ACL injury using a scoping review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed and EBSCO host (CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to March 1, 2023. Prospective studies that (1) examined discrete kinematic/kinetic variables during whole body movements (e.g., landing from a jump, cutting, and single-leg squatting) using 3D lab-based motion analysis, 2D video, or observational (non-instrumented) methods; and (2) produced a prediction model for the association between biomechanical variables (independent variable) and primary ACL injury (dependent variable) were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>11 studies were included. Jump-landing tasks were the most studied (9 studies), followed by change in direction (2 studies) and single-leg squatting (2 studies). Significant biomechanical predictors for non-contact ACL injury were reported in 7 studies during jump-landing/change in directions tasks. Kinematic predictors included decreased flexion (hip and knee) and increased knee valgus/internal rotation. Kinetic predictors included increased vertical ground reaction forces (landing/takeoff) and increased knee moments (valgus and knee extensor). Limited/conflicting evidence was found for all predictors. None of studies that employed 2D or observational methods (n=3) were able to identify predictors of ACL injury.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Biomechanical predictors of primary ACL injury were identified in 7 of 11 prospective studies included within this scoping review. The majority of the reported risk factors were identified using the drop jump, which was the most studied task (8 of 11 studies). The lack of standardization in biomechanical testing across studies limits the determination of specific predictive variables for primary ACL injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"116 ","pages":"Pages 22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Gait & posture","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636224006830","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
ACL injuries commonly occur in non-contact situations, particularly in sports involving jumping, landing, and cutting. Numerous biomechanical predictors for non-contact ACL injury have been proposed, yet existing reviews on biomechanical predictors vary in scope and findings.
Research question
This review aims to identify biomechanical predictors of primary ACL injury using a scoping review.
Methods
PubMed and EBSCO host (CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to March 1, 2023. Prospective studies that (1) examined discrete kinematic/kinetic variables during whole body movements (e.g., landing from a jump, cutting, and single-leg squatting) using 3D lab-based motion analysis, 2D video, or observational (non-instrumented) methods; and (2) produced a prediction model for the association between biomechanical variables (independent variable) and primary ACL injury (dependent variable) were included.
Results
11 studies were included. Jump-landing tasks were the most studied (9 studies), followed by change in direction (2 studies) and single-leg squatting (2 studies). Significant biomechanical predictors for non-contact ACL injury were reported in 7 studies during jump-landing/change in directions tasks. Kinematic predictors included decreased flexion (hip and knee) and increased knee valgus/internal rotation. Kinetic predictors included increased vertical ground reaction forces (landing/takeoff) and increased knee moments (valgus and knee extensor). Limited/conflicting evidence was found for all predictors. None of studies that employed 2D or observational methods (n=3) were able to identify predictors of ACL injury.
Significance
Biomechanical predictors of primary ACL injury were identified in 7 of 11 prospective studies included within this scoping review. The majority of the reported risk factors were identified using the drop jump, which was the most studied task (8 of 11 studies). The lack of standardization in biomechanical testing across studies limits the determination of specific predictive variables for primary ACL injury.
期刊介绍：
Gait & Posture is a vehicle for the publication of up-to-date basic and clinical research on all aspects of locomotion and balance.
The topics covered include: Techniques for the measurement of gait and posture, and the standardization of results presentation; Studies of normal and pathological gait; Treatment of gait and postural abnormalities; Biomechanical and theoretical approaches to gait and posture; Mathematical models of joint and muscle mechanics; Neurological and musculoskeletal function in gait and posture; The evolution of upright posture and bipedal locomotion; Adaptations of carrying loads, walking on uneven surfaces, climbing stairs etc; spinal biomechanics only if they are directly related to gait and/or posture and are of general interest to our readers; The effect of aging and development on gait and posture; Psychological and cultural aspects of gait; Patient education.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
分享
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
扫码关注我们
