Harnessing mechanobiology to enhance cell therapy

Abstract

Recent developments in cell therapy have revolutionized medical treatment. While various methods of stimulation have been explored, the role of mechanical force has often been overlooked. Although mechanical loading is not easily visible, it can actively reshape organisms, and abnormal mechanical loading can lead to injury and disease. By leveraging the mechanobiology of cells, we can equip them with synthetic mechanosensors that can redirect genetic circuits to express protective factors, such as antibodies and cytokines, according to the mechanical force signal. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents a fascinating opportunity to redesign more complex mechanoreceptors, allowing cells to respond to intricate stimuli. Additionally, genetic engineering tools like CRISPR-Cas9, base editing, and prime editing enable the creation of multiple gene circuits for cells to react to complex mechanical environments. Advanced mechanical loading techniques, such as focused ultrasound, deliver signals in a confined spatial and temporal manner. Therefore, harnessing mechanobiology in cells can develop more flexible, personalized, and precise cell therapies.