Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices on Antimicrobial Use in Animals Among Livestock Sector Stakeholders in Kenya.

IF 1.9 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary Medicine International Pub Date : 2024-11-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2024/8871774
Jack O Omolo, Ruth Omani, Mark A Caudell, Tabitha Kimani, Stella Kiambi, Folorunso O Fasina
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Abstract

Background: Antimicrobials are used on farms to manage livestock diseases. In many developing countries, antimicrobial use (AMU) is insufficiently controlled, and antimicrobials are prone to misuse and abuse, thereby fostering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR remains a challenge in Kenya, and the extent remains unknown. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AMU among multisectoral stakeholders in Kenya. Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021 among 381 livestock farmers in Busia, Nakuru, and Isiolo Counties, while 47 animal health service providers (AHSPs) and 32 One Health practitioners (OHPs) were enrolled across Kenya. The data collection tool uploaded on KoBoCollect software was used to collect information on demographics, farming systems, KAP on AMR and AMU, and sources of information. Descriptive statistics were performed. Knowledge was either correct or incorrect, while practices were assigned as desirable or undesirable. Bivariable analysis to assess factors associated with KAP using odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence level (CL). The Pearson correlation test was conducted to test the correlation between demographic independent variables and farmers' KAP, p < 0.05. Results: Most farmers, 234 (61.4%), were young adults between 30 and 49 years old. Additionally, 48.9% of the farmers had less than 5 years of experience in farming. Among the AHSPs, 76.6% were male, with 21 (44.7%) having 2-5 years of experience. All (32) OHPs had over 15 years of experience. Correct knowledge in AMR/AMU was observed in 52.6% of the farmers, 88.2% of AHSPs, and all OHPs. Desirable practices were observed in 133 (34.9%) of farmers, 22 (45.1%) of AHSPs, and 25 (76.4%) of OHPs. Among the farmers, having basic education was associated with correct knowledge (OR 4.07, p=0.0007); however, being male (OR 1.584, p=0.0456) and having a higher education level (OR 1.582, p=0.0165) were associated with desirable practices. There was a significant positive correlation between having correct knowledge and level of education (p < 0.0001), years of farming, and correct knowledge (p < 0.0001). However, years of farming negatively correlated with the desirable practices (p < 0.0001). Farmers' preferred sources of information regarding AMR/AMU were friends 130 (33.9%), farmer meetings/workshops 99 (25.9%), and radio 41 (10.7%). AHSPs obtain information from scientific conferences/trainings (17) (65.4%), workshops (13) (50.0%), and TV and radio (12) (46.2%), while OHSPs mostly get information through college training (14) (58.3%) and workshops (8) (33.3%). Conclusion: Correct knowledge of AMR/AMU did not result in adopting the desirable practices. A better understanding of the socioeconomic aspects of welfare, good livestock production measures, and AMU stewardship will be desired. This study provides a foundation for developing effective antimicrobial stewardship, best farm practices, and intervention programs to reduce inappropriate AMU. Public Implication: Farmers' AHSP practices are likely to promote the emergence of AMR, a health challenge for animals and humans.

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肯尼亚畜牧业利益相关者对动物抗菌药使用的认识、态度和做法。
背景:农场使用抗菌素来控制牲畜疾病。在许多发展中国家,抗菌药的使用(AMU)没有得到充分控制,抗菌药容易被误用和滥用,从而导致抗菌药耐药性(AMR)的出现。在肯尼亚,AMR 仍是一项挑战,其严重程度仍不得而知。本研究评估了肯尼亚多部门利益相关者对 AMU 的认识、态度和做法 (KAP)。方法:这项横断面调查于 2021 年 8 月在布西亚、纳库鲁和伊西奥洛县的 381 名牲畜饲养者中进行,同时在肯尼亚各地招募了 47 名动物保健服务提供者 (AHSP) 和 32 名 "一体式 "保健从业人员 (OHP)。数据收集工具上载于 KoBoCollect 软件,用于收集有关人口统计学、养殖系统、AMR 和 AMU 的 KAP 以及信息来源的信息。对数据进行了描述性统计。知识分为正确或不正确,而做法则分为可取或不可取。在 95% 的置信水平(CL)下,使用几率比(OR)进行二变量分析,以评估与 KAP 相关的因素。进行了皮尔逊相关性检验,以检验人口学自变量与农民 KAP 之间的相关性(P < 0.05)。结果大多数农民(234 人,占 61.4%)是 30 至 49 岁的青壮年。此外,48.9%的农民从事农业生产的时间不足 5 年。在农田保健员中,76.6%为男性,21 人(44.7%)有 2-5 年的工作经验。所有(32 名)海外水产养殖户都有 15 年以上的经验。52.6%的农户、88.2%的农牧业专业人员和所有的职业健康促进人员对AMR/AMU有正确的认识。有 133 名(34.9%)农民、22 名(45.1%)助产士和 25 名(76.4%)海外保健员采用了可取的做法。在农民中,受过基础教育与知识的正确性有关(OR 4.07,p=0.0007);然而,男性(OR 1.584,p=0.0456)和受过高等教育(OR 1.582,p=0.0165)与理想做法有关。拥有正确知识与受教育程度(p < 0.0001)、务农年限和正确知识(p < 0.0001)之间存在明显的正相关。然而,耕作年限与理想实践呈负相关(p < 0.0001)。农民首选的 AMR/AMU 信息来源是朋友 130 个(33.9%)、农民会议/研讨会 99 个(25.9%)和广播 41 个(10.7%)。AHSPs从科学会议/培训(17)(65.4%)、研讨会(13)(50.0%)以及电视和广播(12)(46.2%)中获取信息,而OHSPs主要通过学院培训(14)(58.3%)和研讨会(8)(33.3%)获取信息。结论对 AMR/AMU 的正确认识并不能导致采取理想的做法。需要更好地了解福利的社会经济方面、良好的畜牧生产措施和 AMU 管理。本研究为制定有效的抗菌药物管理、最佳农场实践和干预计划以减少不适当的 AMU 提供了基础。公众影响:农场主的 AHSP 实践很可能会促进 AMR 的出现,这对动物和人类的健康都是一个挑战。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Medicine International
Veterinary Medicine International Veterinary-Veterinary (all)
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
3.20%
发文量
55
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary Medicine International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles and review articles in all areas of veterinary research. The journal will consider articles on the biological basis of disease, as well as diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and epidemiology.
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