Moiré magnetism in CrBr3 multilayers emerging from differential strain

Abstract

Interfaces between twisted 2D materials host a wealth of physical phenomena originating from the long-scale periodicity associated with the resulting moiré structure. Besides twisting, an alternative route to create structures with comparably long—or even longer—periodicities is inducing a differential strain between adjacent layers in a van der Waals (vdW) material. Despite recent theoretical efforts analyzing its benefits, this route has not yet been implemented experimentally. Here we report evidence for the simultaneous presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic regions in CrBr₃—a hallmark of moiré magnetism—from the observation of an unexpected magnetoconductance in CrBr₃ tunnel barriers with ferromagnetic Fe₃GeTe₂ and graphene electrodes. The observed magnetoconductance evolves with temperature and magnetic field as the magnetoconductance measured in small-angle CrBr₃ twisted junctions, in which moiré magnetism occurs. Consistent with Raman measurements and theoretical modeling, we attribute the phenomenon to the presence of a differential strain in the CrBr₃ multilayer, which locally modifies the stacking and the interlayer exchange between adjacent CrBr₃ layers, resulting in spatially modulated spin textures. Our conclusions indicate that inducing differential strain in vdW multilayers is a viable strategy to create moiré-like superlattices, which in the future may offer in-situ continuous tunability even at low temperatures.