Ruthenaelectro-catalyzed C–H phosphorylation: ortho to para position-selectivity switch†

Abstract

The position-selective C–H bond activation of arenes has long been a challenging topic. Herein, we report an expedient ruthenium-electrocatalyzed site-selective ortho-C–H phosphorylation of arenes driven by electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), avoiding stoichiometric amounts of chemical redox-waste products. This strategy paved the way to achieve unprecedented ruthenaelectro-catalyzed para-C–H phosphorylation with excellent levels of site-selectivity. This electrocatalytic approach was characterized by an ample substrate scope with a broad range of arenes containing N-heterocycles, as well as several aryl/alkylphosphine oxides were well tolerated. Moreover, late-stage C–H phosphorylation of medicinal relevant drugs could also be achieved. DFT mechanistic studies provided support for an unusual ruthenium(III/IV/II) regime for the ortho-C–H phosphorylation.