Sarcoptic mange in domestic rabbits: Pathogenesis, impact, and control strategies

Abstract

This review article provides an in-depth examination of sarcoptic mange in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a widespread and highly contagious dermatological condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi mites. Sarcoptic mange poses significant health risks to rabbits and can lead to severe economic losses in commercial rabbit farming due to decreased productivity, inferior leather quality, and increased mortality rates. Clinical manifestations in rabbits include intense itching, skin lesions, hair loss, and secondary bacterial infections, which can be fatal if left untreated. The immune response in rabbits involves both innate and adaptive components, with keratinocytes playing a crucial role in initiating the response. The adaptive immune response is characterized by a mixed T helper cell profile, leading to inflammation and antibody production, which possibly play a key role in controlling mite infestations. Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange is typically based on clinical signs, supported by microscopic examination of skin scrapings and serological tests. The review emphasizes the risk of transmission to humans, especially those in close contact with infested rabbits, and explores the complex host-parasite immune interplay, detailing how S. scabiei evades the host's immune system through various mechanisms. The review also discusses advanced treatment approaches, focusing on the need for effective control measures to prevent the spread of mange in rabbit populations. The article underscores the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms of the disease to develop targeted therapeutic interventions.