Performance and mechanisms of reactive substrates in constructed wetlands: Emerging contaminant removal and greenhouse gas mitigation—A comprehensive review
Nianwen Chen , Jian Zhang , Zhen Hu , Yanlong Wang , Chongyang Ren , Longlong Zhang , Guang Yang , Xinhan Chen , Huaqing Liu
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) comprise a diverse group of chemical species with complex structures and varying degrees of persistence, posing significant long-term environmental risks. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are increasingly recognized for their ability to remove ECs from various environmental matrices. Recent advancements in reactive substrates have demonstrated enhanced physicochemical properties, such as improved adsorption capacity, electrical conductivity, and redox potential. These advancements not only mitigate the adverse effects of trace ECs on microbial communities and plants in CWs but also enhance the stability of EC removal processes and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, detailed reviews of the efficacy and mechanisms of reactive substrates in CWs for the removal of various ECs and the reduction of GHG emissions are still lacking. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the removal capabilities and mechanisms associated with four key reactive substrates: zeolite, biochar, manganese ore, and iron ore. The focus is on their effectiveness against antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Additionally, the review examines the role of carbon-based and metal-based substrates in mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions within CWs, highlighting their effects and underlying mechanisms. This review offers valuable insights and guidance for achieving sustainable ECs treatment and GHG reduction in CWs.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies
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