Phytochemical characterization and biological properties of Arctotis arctotoides (L.f.) O. Hoffm related to the management of Pythium root rot disease

James Lwambi Mwinga , Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu , Bongisiwe Gladys Shelembe , Olaniyi Amos Fawole , Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu , Wilfred Otang-Mbeng
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Abstract

Fungal phytopathogens are the primary causative agents of plant diseases and can significantly limit crop production. As an alternative to synthetic fungicides, often associated with detrimental environmental effects, the use of botanicals is a promising tool for managing fungal infections. This study analysed the phytochemical profiles, as well as the antioxidant and antifungal effect of Arctotis arctotoides (L.F.) Hoffm. The phytochemical profiles were determined using spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), while two chemical test models were used to assess the antioxidant effect of the plant extract. The antifungal activity was evaluated against Pythium ultimum using the agar well diffusion method. Varying concentrations of total phenolics (131.70 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram (GAE/g) of dry weight (DW) for acetone and 231.56 mg GAE/g DW for methanol extracts) and flavonoids (11.36 mg quercetin equivalents per gram (QE/g) of dry weight (DW) for acetone and 9.86 mg QE/g DW for methanol extracts) were recorded. The LC-MS analysis of the plant extract revealed 14 tentatively identified compounds and 7 unknown bioactive compounds. Two of the compounds, dehydrocostus lactone and methyl pheophorbide A, have been associated with antioxidant effects. Acetone extract (16.67 mm) and methanol extract (18.33 mm) of Arctotis arctotoides exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against P. ultimum. Further antifungal assessment of the identified bioactive compounds remains essential to establish their activity against phytopathogens relevant in the agricultural sector, especially under field conditions.
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牛蒡草的植物化学特性及生物学特性与虫草根腐病的防治有关
真菌植物病原体是植物病害的主要病原体,可以显著限制作物生产。作为合成杀菌剂(通常与有害环境影响有关)的替代品,植物药的使用是一种很有前途的控制真菌感染的工具。本研究分析了牛蒡的植物化学特征,以及其抗氧化和抗真菌作用。Hoffm。采用分光光度法和液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)测定植物化学谱,并采用两种化学试验模型评估植物提取物的抗氧化作用。采用琼脂孔扩散法测定其对黄霉的抑菌活性。记录了不同浓度的总酚类物质(丙酮为131.70 毫克没食子酸当量/克干重(DW),甲醇提取物为231.56 毫克没食子酸当量/克DW)和总黄酮(丙酮为11.36 毫克槲皮素当量/克干重(DW),甲醇提取物为9.86 毫克QE/克DW)。通过液相色谱-质谱分析,初步鉴定出14种化合物和7种未知活性化合物。其中两种化合物,脱氢木香内酯和甲基酚A,具有抗氧化作用。牛蒡丙酮提取液(16.67 mm)和甲醇提取液(18.33 mm)对牛蒡病有明显的抑制作用。对已鉴定的生物活性化合物进行进一步的抗真菌评估对于确定其对农业部门相关植物病原体的活性仍然至关重要,特别是在田间条件下。
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