Invasive species management: The case of pink salmon in Iceland

Abstract

The combination of warming waters and increased human activity in the Arctic creates increasingly favorable conditions for the arrival of invasive species to Arctic and sub-Arctic aquatic ecosystems. Invasive species threaten biodiversity and can impact local communities and industries that rely on healthy ecosystems. In Iceland, the pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), native to Pacific waters, has been found in rapidly increasing numbers since 2017. This research aimed to explore the institutional response to the arrival of pink salmon in Iceland. Documents such as international agreements and Icelandic laws and policies were analyzed for similarities, differences, and knowledge gaps related to pink salmon management. In addition, semi-structured interviews (n=10) explored experiences, knowledge, and opinions of individuals in different levels of decision-making, biological research, angling tourism, and nature conservation. Results show that reactions to the arrival of pink salmon are limited to registration of catches. No widespread research has been initiated and knowledge of basic ecology and potential impacts are lacking. Furthermore, no organized coordinated management responses are in place. Because of the growing importance of invasive species management around the world, this research adds novel insight into opportunities for improvement of invasive species management in Iceland through the development of recommendations for formalized procedures and risk assessments.