Marine Policy最新文献

Local perceptions of marine conservation aquaculture for the restoration of native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Downeast, Maine 当地人对缅因州下海岸恢复本地大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）的海洋保护性水产养殖的看法

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106424

The entities responsible for the management of the endangered Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have partnered with a commercial aquaculture company to apply a novel conservation aquaculture program. This effort marks a major shift in management and has garnered mixed public reactions. Recent expansion of aquaculture in Maine has been a point of controversy as people and systems grapple with the social, environmental, and legal aspects of this burgeoning industry. Still, the use of aquaculture for conservation has shown some promise. In 2021, a questionnaire was administered to 850 households (response rate 27 %) in Maine via the Drop-off and Pick-up method. We examined differences and similarities in attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about Atlantic salmon, hatcheries, and aquaculture between property owners in the town where the proposed net pens would be located (Cutler; n=73), and those in neighboring towns (n=152). The Potential for Conflict Index (PCI₂) was used to examine differences between the groups. Both groups held similar positive attitudes toward Atlantic salmon, endangered species conservation, freshwater hatcheries, and both commercial and conservation aquaculture. Both groups believe that “Atlantic salmon should be protected,” and that freshwater hatcheries and marine conservation aquaculture “should be used for conservation.” However, Cutler residents had less consensus and supported the use of freshwater hatcheries and marine conservation aquaculture less than other respondents. Community concerns have stalled efforts to move the project forward. Our research indicates there are several social concepts which may help to explain localized opposition to the project.

负责管理濒危的缅因湾大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）独特种群的机构与一家商业水产养殖公司合作，实施了一项新颖的保护性水产养殖计划。这一举措标志着管理方式的重大转变，公众对此反应不一。最近，缅因州水产养殖业的扩张引起了争议，因为人们和系统都在努力解决这一新兴产业的社会、环境和法律问题。尽管如此，利用水产养殖进行保护还是显示出了一些前景。2021 年，我们通过 "投放和回收 "方法对缅因州的 850 个家庭（回复率为 27%）进行了问卷调查。我们研究了拟建网箱所在小镇（卡特勒；n=73）的业主与邻近小镇（n=152）的业主在大西洋鲑、孵化场和水产养殖方面的态度、信仰和知识的异同。冲突潜力指数（PCI2）用于研究两组之间的差异。两组人都对大西洋鲑、濒危物种保护、淡水孵化场以及商业和保护性水产养殖持相似的积极态度。两个群体都认为 "大西洋鲑鱼应该受到保护"，淡水孵化场和海洋保护性水产养殖 "应该用于保护"。然而，卡特勒居民对使用淡水孵化场和海洋保护性水产养殖的共识较少，支持率也低于其他受访者。社区的担忧阻碍了项目的推进。我们的研究表明，有几种社会观念可能有助于解释当地反对该项目的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Ensuring compliance with Antarctic environmental protection through inspections: Problems and prospects 通过检查确保遵守南极环境保护规定：问题与前景

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106433

Environmental protection occupies an increasingly important place in Antarctic governance, but compliance mechanisms for Antarctic environmental protection have received little attention compared to multilateral environmental agreements. Antarctic inspection is an important tool for ensuring compliance by States Parties. However, it has been shown that inspection is mostly used as a means of information exchange and capacity building, while its monitoring role tends to be undermined. Based on empirical analysis, this paper identifies the outstanding issues in existing inspection practices, and proposes specific measures for improvement. It also explores the possibility of establishing an independent inspection body to complement existing inspections undertaken by Consultative Parties, with a view to fully utilizing its monitoring role as part of compliance mechanisms for the Antarctic environment.

环境保护在南极治理中占有越来越重要的地位，但与多边环境协定相比，南极环境保护的履约机制很少受到关注。南极视察是确保缔约国履约的重要工具。然而，事实表明，检查大多被用作信息交流和能力建设的手段，而其监督作用往往被削弱。根据实证分析，本文件指出了现行检查做法中的突出问题，并提出了具体的改进措施。本文还探讨了建立独立检查机构的可能性，以补充协商国进行的现有检查，从而充分发挥其作为南极环境履约机制一部分的监督作用。

引用次数: 0

The protection of submarine cables in Southeast Asia: The security gap and challenges and opportunities for regional cooperation 东南亚海底电缆的保护：安全漏洞以及区域合作的挑战与机遇

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106435

This article argues that Southeast Asian states’ efforts to promote resilience on submarine cables should move beyond facilitating cable deployment and repair to encompass cooperation on the protection of submarine cables from intentional damage given recent incidents highlighting the vulnerability of undersea infrastructure. While protection of submarine cables from damage (routine or non-routine) requires a broad range of legal and policy measures taken by states, industry and other relevant stakeholders, this article focuses on intentional damage to submarine cables and the measures highlighted in the 2023 General Assembly Resolution on Oceans and Law of the Sea, namely, cooperative measures by states aimed at the detection, prevention and suppression of threats to submarine cables consisting of (1) monitoring; (2) prevention and response; (3) the enhanced sharing of information; and (4) the adoption of national laws on the prosecution of offenders. The analysis views intentional damage to submarine cables through the lens of maritime security and examines challenges and opportunities for regional cooperation between Southeast Asian states on these four measures. It also explores the role that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the primary intergovernmental organization in the region, can play in facilitating cooperation on the protection of submarine cables, and makes recommendations on areas of possible cooperation on the protection of submarine cables.

本文认为，鉴于最近发生的事件凸显了海底基础设施的脆弱性，东南亚国家为提高海底光缆的抗灾能力所做的努力应超越促进光缆部署和维修，而应包括在保护海底光缆免遭蓄意破坏方面开展合作。虽然保护海底光缆免受破坏（常规或非常规）需要国家、行业和其他相关利益攸关方采取广泛的法律和政策措施，但本文重点关注对海底光缆的蓄意破坏以及 2023 年联大海洋和海洋法决议中强调的措施，即各国旨在发现、预防和制止对海底光缆威胁的合作措施，包括：(1) 监测；(2) 预防和应对；(3) 加强信息共享；(4) 通过起诉犯罪者的国家法律。本分析报告从海事安全的角度来看待蓄意破坏海底电缆的行为，并探讨了东南亚国家就这四项措施开展区域合作所面临的挑战和机遇。报告还探讨了东南亚国家联盟（东盟）作为该地区主要的政府间组织在促进保护海底电缆合作方面可以发挥的作用，并就保护海底电缆方面可能的合作领域提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Recent developments in building sustainable marine fisheries in China: Reflections on the 2023 Revision of the Marine Environmental Protection Law 中国可持续海洋渔业建设的最新进展：对 2023 年《海洋环境保护法》修订的思考

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106439

As the ocean provides an environmental carrier for fisheries development, sustainable marine fisheries and marine environmental protection are highly synergistic and consistent. Facing traditional and emerging crises such as marine pollution, overfishing and climate change, China revised the Marine Environmental Protection Law in 2023. This article aims to evaluate whether the newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law effectively responds to crises of sustainable development in marine fisheries and how it contributes to sustainable marine fisheries. The study has found that the 2023 revision enriches and improves China’s legal regimes on marine fisheries from multiple aspects, covering marine environmental supervision, marine ecological protection and the prevention and control of land-based pollution, engineering construction projects pollution, waste dumping pollution, vessel pollution and legal responsibility. The newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law not only refines the institutional norms and intensifies the legal responsibilities of violations but also improves the systemic nature of the legislation, thus providing stronger legal guarantees for sustainable marine fisheries. However, there are also legislative shortcomings such as unclear connotations of the newly established legal regimes and insufficient response to overfishing and climate change. Nevertheless, China’s newly revised Marine Environmental Protection Law applies the methodology of integrated ecosystem management and comprehensively utilized regulatory measures such as command-and-control tools, honor encouragement and economic incentives to enhance its regulatory effect, also providing implications and insights for addressing the challenges of sustainable marine fisheries on a global scale.

海洋是渔业发展的环境载体，海洋渔业可持续发展与海洋环境保护具有高度的协同性和一致性。面对海洋污染、过度捕捞、气候变化等传统和新兴危机，中国于 2023 年修订了《海洋环境保护法》。本文旨在评价新修订的《海洋环境保护法》是否有效应对了海洋渔业可持续发展的危机，以及如何促进海洋渔业的可持续发展。研究发现，2023 年修订的《海洋环境保护法》从多个方面丰富和完善了我国的海洋渔业法律制度，涵盖了海洋环境监管、海洋生态保护以及陆源污染防治、工程建设项目污染防治、废弃物倾倒污染防治、船舶污染防治和法律责任等内容。新修订的《海洋环境保护法》不仅细化了制度规范，强化了违法行为的法律责任，而且完善了立法的系统性，为海洋渔业可持续发展提供了更有力的法律保障。但同时也存在立法缺陷，如新制定的法律制度内涵不明确，对过度捕捞和气候变化应对不足等。尽管如此，中国新修订的《海洋环境保护法》运用生态系统综合管理的方法，综合运用命令控制手段、荣誉鼓励和经济激励等监管措施，增强了监管效果，也为全球范围内应对海洋渔业可持续发展的挑战提供了借鉴和启示。

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引用次数: 0

On the provisions of the BBNJ Agreement addressing the impacts of climate change 关于 BBNJ 协议中涉及气候变化影响的条款

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106429

There is an interaction between climate change and marine biological diversity. Climate change induces alterations in marine ecosystems, encompassing the acidification of seawater, ocean deoxygenation, and the warming of the oceans, which engender numerous adverse impacts on marine biological diversity. The Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (hereinafter the BBNJ Agreement) is a significant international instrument within the realm of the law of the sea. Throughout its negotiation process, due consideration was given by the international community to address issues related to climate change. The principles and specific institutional objectives outlined in the BBNJ Agreement clearly emphasize enhancing ocean resilience towards the impacts of climate change. Moreover, the provisions concerning the benefit sharing of marine genetic resources, area-based management tools, environmental impact assessments, and capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology stipulated in this agreement are expected to effectively tackle operational-level challenges posed by climate change. To advance the shared interests of humanity, it is imperative to enhance procedures and operations of relevant mechanisms that facilitate coordinated efforts in ocean governance and climate governance.

气候变化与海洋生物多样性之间存在相互作用。气候变化导致海洋生态系统发生变化，包括海水酸化、海洋脱氧和海洋变暖，对海洋生物多样性产生了许多不利影响。联合国海洋法公约关于养护和可持续利用国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的协定》（以下简称《BBNJ 协定》）是海洋法领域的一项重要国际文书。在整个谈判过程中，国际社会充分考虑了解决与气候变化有关的问题。BBNJ 协定》中概述的原则和具体制度目标明确强调加强海洋对气候变化影响的复原力。此外，该协定中有关海洋遗传资源惠益分享、区域管理工具、环境影响评估以及能力建设和海洋技术转让的规定，有望有效应对气候变化带来的业务层面的挑战。为了促进人类的共同利益，必须加强相关机制的程序和运作，促进海洋治理和气候治理的协调努力。

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引用次数: 0

Coastal communities' perceptions on coastal erosion and the protective role of seagrass meadows in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆沿海社区对海岸侵蚀和海草草甸保护作用的看法

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106428

Seagrasses are recognized as a nature-based solution for mitigating coastal erosion. However, knowledge on coastal community perceptions regarding coastal erosion causes, impacts, potential mitigation, and the protective role of seagrass meadows is limited in Tanzania. Using stratified random sampling, 323 resident fishers from the Kinondoni and Kigamboni coastal municipalities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were selected to participate in a questionnaire survey to understanding their perceptions of coastal erosion impacts and the protective role of seagrass meadows. Further insights were obtained through key informant interviews with village leaders, elders, and BMU leaders, as well as through nominal group technique involving various beach user groups, and non-participant observation. The study found that coastal communities are highly aware of the causes, impacts, and mitigation measures of coastal erosion, with a notable 85.1 % of survey respondents identifying increased wave energy as the main cause. Nominal group technique revealed various categories affected by erosion, including social activities, properties, sacred sites, livelihood stability, and future development opportunities. The key functions of seagrass meadows as perceived by respondents, including enhancing the natural beauty of coastal waters (97.8 %), supporting fisheries (94.4 %), and providing coastal protection (87.0 %), which ranked third. Destructive fishing was identified as the primary cause of seagrass degradation, notably more severe in Kinondoni. Based on the findings, this study recommends regular awareness campaigns on seagrass preservation. Policymakers should integrate seagrass preservation into broader coastal management plans, promote sustainable fishing, and engage communities to ensure the long-term protection of seagrass meadows as nature-based coastal protection solution.

海草被认为是减缓海岸侵蚀的自然解决方案。然而，在坦桑尼亚，沿海社区对海岸侵蚀的原因、影响、潜在的缓解措施以及海草草甸的保护作用的认识十分有限。采用分层随机抽样的方法，从坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的 Kinondoni 和 Kigamboni 沿海城市挑选了 323 名居民渔民参与问卷调查，以了解他们对海岸侵蚀影响和海草草甸保护作用的看法。通过与村领导、长老和 BMU 领导进行关键信息访谈，以及通过涉及不同海滩使用者群体的名义小组技术和非参与者观察，获得了进一步的见解。研究发现，沿海社区高度了解海岸侵蚀的原因、影响和缓解措施，85.1% 的调查对象认为波浪能的增加是主要原因。名义小组技术揭示了受侵蚀影响的各种类别，包括社会活动、财产、圣地、生计稳定性和未来发展机会。受访者认为海草草甸的主要功能包括增强沿岸水域的自然美景（97.8%）、支持渔业（94.4%）和提供海岸保护（87.0%），这些功能排在第三位。破坏性捕鱼被认为是海草退化的主要原因，在 Kinondoni 尤为严重。根据研究结果，本研究建议定期开展海草保护宣传活动。政策制定者应将海草保护纳入更广泛的海岸管理计划，促进可持续渔业，并让社区参与进来，以确保海草草甸作为基于自然的海岸保护解决方案得到长期保护。

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引用次数: 0

Green ammonia adoption in shipping: Opportunities and challenges across the fuel supply chain 航运业采用绿色氨气：整个燃料供应链的机遇与挑战

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106444

The IMO’s 2023 revised targets increase pressure on shipping and trading organisations to urgently cut energy consumption and transition away from fossil fuels. Although there are several alternative fuel options for shipping, ammonia is a prominent contender. Green ammonia is produced from renewable hydrogen with no direct CO₂ emissions when combusted, making it an important option to interrogate. This research uses a mixed methods approach, including analysing shipping stakeholders’ perspectives, to consider the full range of factors relating to its deployment and use. Challenges to its adoption include low fleet renewal as a result of uncertainties around being first movers, managing NO_x and N₂O emissions if used in a combustion engine and lack of economic incentives. Nevertheless, green ammonia's storage advantages over hydrogen, established experience of ammonia handling for the fertiliser industry and its direct emission free application in fuel cells, underpin interest in its development. The study emphasizes though that the on-ground realities of transitioning away from fossil fuels require significant developments across the entire fuel supply chain. This extends beyond considerations around ammonia’s technological viability and encompass changes needed to onboard and portside infrastructure, incentives to accelerate retrofit and fleet renewal, and recognition of risks posed by first-movers in the sector. Furthermore, with short timeliness associated with Paris targets, and anticipated rising costs of new fuel infrastructure, there is an imperative to implement mitigation policy that focuses on urgently reducing reliance on liquid fuels, while alternative fuel deployment is established at scale.

国际海事组织（IMO）修订后的 2023 年目标增加了对航运和贸易组织的压力，要求它们紧急削减能源消耗并从化石燃料过渡。虽然航运业有多种替代燃料可供选择，但氨气是一个突出的竞争者。绿色氨是从可再生氢气中生产出来的，燃烧时不会直接排放二氧化碳，因此是一个值得研究的重要选择。本研究采用混合方法，包括分析航运利益相关者的观点，以考虑与氨的部署和使用有关的各种因素。采用绿色氨气所面临的挑战包括：作为先行者的不确定性导致船队更新率低、在内燃机中使用绿色氨气会导致氮氧化物和一氧化二氮排放失控以及缺乏经济激励。不过，与氢气相比，绿色氨气的储存优势、化肥行业在氨气处理方面的成熟经验以及其在燃料电池中的直接无排放应用，都增强了人们对其发展的兴趣。不过，研究强调，从化石燃料过渡到绿色氨的现实需要整个燃料供应链的重大发展。这超出了对氨技术可行性的考虑，还包括对船上和港口基础设施所需的改变、加快改装和船队更新的激励措施，以及对该行业先行者所带来风险的认识。此外，由于《巴黎公约》目标的及时性很短，而且预计新燃料基础设施的成本将不断上升，因此在大规模部署替代燃料的同时，必须实施以紧急减少对液体燃料的依赖为重点的减排政策。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating uncharted waters: Legal challenges and the future of unmanned underwater vehicles in maritime military cyber operations 在未知水域航行：无人潜航器在海上军事网络行动中的法律挑战与未来

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106430

The evolving landscape of maritime security is increasingly shaped by the integration of cyber technologies into naval operations, posing complex legal challenges under international maritime law. This paper examines the 2016 Bowditch incident, in which a U.S. Navy Unmanned Underwater Vehicle was detained by the Chinese navy, as a case study for comprehending the legal implications of maritime military cyber operations. The research delves into the ambiguous legal standing of unmanned underwater vehicles and their activities, particularly within the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Through a detailed analysis of the incident, this study identifies significant gaps in existing legal frameworks and advocates for the urgent need to augment international law to adequately address the emergence of cyber technologies in maritime military operations. The findings underscore the crucial role of international consensus in defining the legal status of unmanned maritime systems and the norms governing maritime military cyber operations, essential for upholding global maritime security and stability.

网络技术与海军行动的结合日益影响着不断变化的海上安全格局，这给国际海事法带来了复杂的法律挑战。本文将 2016 年美国海军无人潜航器被中国海军扣留的鲍迪奇事件作为案例进行研究，以理解海上军事网络行动的法律影响。研究深入探讨了无人潜航器及其活动的模糊法律地位，特别是在《联合国海洋法公约》框架内。通过对事件的详细分析，本研究发现了现有法律框架中的重大缺陷，并主张迫切需要加强国际法，以充分应对海上军事行动中出现的网络技术。研究结果强调了国际共识在确定无人海上系统的法律地位和海上军事网络行动规范方面的关键作用，这对维护全球海上安全与稳定至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Future-proofing the global system of marine protected areas: Integrating climate change into planning and management 面向未来的全球海洋保护区系统：将气候变化纳入规划和管理

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106420

Climate change and its impacts are increasingly threatening the ability of marine protected areas (MPA) to meet their conservation goals. While integration of climate change into planning is critical, a recent global analysis found that relatively few MPAs have incorporated climate change considerations into formal management planning processes. Despite this, sessions and discussions at the Fifth International Marine Protected Areas Congress (IMPAC5) demonstrate that climate-adaptive management already permeates MPA processes, from day-to-day management to design and implementation. Here we review the results of an IMPAC5 knowledge exchange session that brought together a diverse group of MPA managers, Indigenous community representatives, and thought leaders to discuss improved integration of climate change into MPA management and planning. The session demonstrated the vibrancy, diversity, and engagement represented in the dynamic and fast-moving field of MPA climate change management and planning. In addition to sharing unique and diverse perspectives, the session leveraged the experience of experts to identify new and common challenges and gaps. As a result of this session, we present five recommendations, building on previous work, to guide MPA managers in the explicit and successful incorporation of climate adaptation into management planning and implementation. These recommendations hold the goal of ensuring an equitable, adaptive, and robust global MPA system. This review also provides a valuable summary of the vast repository of experience and knowledge of climate adaptive management contained within the MPA management community, and with community and Indigenous partners. Such perspectives are rarely reflected in formal scientific, policy, and management publications.

气候变化及其影响正日益威胁着海洋保护区（MPA）实现其保护目标的能力。虽然将气候变化纳入规划至关重要，但最近的一项全球分析发现，将气候变化因素纳入正式管理规划流程的海洋保护区相对较少。尽管如此，第五届国际海洋保护区大会（IMPAC5）上的会议和讨论表明，从日常管理到设计和实施，适应气候的管理已经渗透到海洋保护区的流程中。在此，我们回顾了第五届国际海洋保护区大会（IMPAC5）知识交流会的成果，该会议汇集了海洋保护区管理者、土著社区代表和思想领袖等不同群体，共同讨论如何更好地将气候变化纳入海洋保护区的管理和规划。会议展示了海洋保护区气候变化管理和规划这一充满活力、快速发展的领域的活力、多样性和参与性。除了分享独特而多样的观点外，会议还利用专家的经验来确定新的和共同的挑战和差距。通过本次会议，我们在以往工作的基础上提出了五项建议，以指导海洋保护区管理者明确并成功地将气候适应纳入管理规划和实施中。这些建议的目标是确保建立一个公平、适应性强、稳健的全球海洋保护区系统。本综述还对海洋保护区管理界以及社区和土著合作伙伴在气候适应管理方面的大量经验和知识进行了宝贵的总结。这些观点很少反映在正式的科学、政策和管理出版物中。

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引用次数: 0

Cable risk and resilience in the age of uncrewed undersea vehicles (UUVs) 无人潜航器（UUV）时代的电缆风险和抗灾能力

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Marine Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106434

The risks associated with near total global economic reliance on the undersea telecommunication cable network is increasingly acknowledged by scholars and government officials worldwide. Recent disruptive incidents affecting seabed infrastructure—including cables—have served only to highlight the network’s vulnerability. This article examines how fast-paced technological developments in uncrewed undersea vehicles (UUVs) will affect the security of this critical infrastructure. To that end, this research article asks what advantages this frontier technology offers to those seeking to harm the cable network, and, from the opposite perspective, for those concerned about protecting it. The conclusions offered by this article will arm policymakers and other interested parties with greater knowledge about the emerging impact of UUVs on the security of seabed infrastructure and the undersea telecommunication cable network more specifically.

全球经济几乎完全依赖海底电信电缆网络，与此相关的风险日益得到全球学者和政府官员的认可。最近发生的影响海底基础设施（包括电缆）的破坏性事件凸显了该网络的脆弱性。本文探讨了无人潜航器 (UUV) 快速发展的技术将如何影响这一关键基础设施的安全。为此，这篇研究文章提出了这样一个问题：这项前沿技术为那些试图破坏光缆网络的人提供了哪些优势，而从相反的角度来看，又为那些关心保护光缆网络的人提供了哪些优势。本文提供的结论将帮助决策者和其他相关方更好地了解无人潜航器对海底基础设施，特别是海底电信光缆网络安全的新影响。

引用次数: 0