Albert Sebastià , Carmen Fernández-Matarredona , Juan Manuel Castagnini , Francisco J. Barba , Houda Berrada , Juan Carlos Moltó , Olga Pardo , Francesc A. Esteve-Turrillas , Emilia Ferrer
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Snacks, including popcorn, are increasingly consumed in Spain and are susceptible to acrylamide (AA) formation. AA, classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), is produced via the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids, particularly glucose, and asparagine, when foods are heated above 120 °C. This study aims to analyze the AA content in 91 popcorn samples, categorized by flavor (salted, butter, caramel, flavored, colored, unflavored) and cooking method (ready-to-eat, popcorn maker, microwave), and assess dietary AA exposure in the Spanish population. Samples were collected from supermarkets, grocery stores, and cinemas across Spain and analyzed using solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average AA concentration in the samples was 277 ± 119 μg kg−1, with only two samples below the limit of quantification (LOQ, 60 μg kg−1). At the same time, no significant correlation between flavor and AA content was found. Whereas microwave cooking notably increased AA levels. Estimated AA intake for adults and children ranged from 0.011 to 0.045 μg kg⁻1 day⁻1, depending on the exposure scenario. In children, a margin of exposure (MOE) below 10,000 was observed for Harderian gland tumors in realistic and pessimistic scenario.
期刊介绍：
Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs.
The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following:
-Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances
-New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology
-Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena
-Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability.
Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.
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