Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

Aspirin has significant antineoplastic effects on the colon, whereas the outcomes of Vitamin C and D supplementation have been inconsistent. This study addressed the isolated and combined effects of vitamins C and D with aspirin on chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in mice, focusing on redox balance and DNA damage. Adult male and female mice were divided into seven groups: a control group; a group treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg twice per week during weeks 4 and 5); and groups treated with DMH plus the following: aspirin (6 mg/kg in water); Vitamin C (500 mg/L in water); Vitamin D (1500 IU by oral gavage); a combination of Vitamin C and aspirin; and a combination of Vitamin D and aspirin. The treatments were administered continuously for 12 weeks. The treatments, isolated or combined, reduced aberrant crypt formations. Aspirin alone reduced the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by 65%, accompanied by a systemic reduction in oxidative stress and DNA damage prevention. However, adding vitamins C and D to aspirin did not enhance these effects. Vitamin D alone suppressed ACF formation and DNA damage in the liver, whereas vitamin C had a limited effect on colon carcinogenesis, despite reducing oxidative stress in the liver and colon. In summary, we found no evidence that vitamins C and D supplementation enhanced the chemopreventive effects of aspirin on colon cancer.

C₅F₁₀O is a new eco-friendly insulating gas with excellent insulating properties and environmental characteristics. However, the toxicity of C₅F₁₀O needs to be studied before application. In this paper, 28-day inhalation toxicity experiments are conducted on rats exposed to C₅F₁₀O/air at 0ppm, 500ppm, 2000ppm and 8000ppm, with satellite groups at 0ppm and 8000ppm. The 28-day inhalation toxicity of C₅F₁₀O is invested in the term of the change of weight and food intake, the analysis of hematology, biochemistry, urine and histopathology. Molecular docking technology is used for virtual screening to analyze potential toxicological mechanisms. The results show that C₅F₁₀O has no effect on the food intake of rats. Combined with clinic and histopathology results, 8000ppm C₅F₁₀O is toxic to the lungs of both male and female rats, and the lungs have not improved in the 8000ppm satellite group which indicates the lungs as the target organ, and high dose C₅F₁₀O induces aggregation of rat lung foam cells. In addition, a NOAEC of 2000 ppm and a LOAEC of 6000 ppm are observed for C₅F₁₀O. Molecular docking results show that C₅F₁₀O binds to multiple proteins, impacting the HIF-1 pathway and immune response regulation, which may explain the foam cell aggregation in the lungs.

Acrylamide (AA), a food hazard generated during thermal processing, poses significant safety risks due to its toxicity. Conventional methods for AA toxicology are time-consuming and inadequate for analyzing cellular morphology. This study developed a novel approach combining deep learning models (U-Net and ResNet34) with cell fluorescence imaging. U-Net was used for cell segmentation, generating a single-cell dataset, while ResNet34 trained the dataset over 200 epochs, achieving an 80% validation accuracy. This method predicts AA concentration ranges by matching cell fluorescence features with the dataset and analyzes cellular phenotypic changes under AA exposure using k-means clustering and CellProfiler. The approach overcomes the limitations of traditional toxicological methods, offering a direct link between cell phenotypes and hazard toxicology. It provides a high-throughput, accurate solution to evaluate AA toxicology and refines the understanding of its cellular impacts.

Hirudo nipponica Whitman (HNW) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) processed from leeches, commonly used for treating blood stasis syndrome, particularly in promoting blood circulation and alleviating blood stasis. This study aimed to examine microparticles (MPs) contamination of leeches and whether the production of MPs was related to processing. The results showed that the abundance of MPs in the whole, sectioned and powdery of HNW was 12.39, 13.93, 35.11 items/g, respectively. Fiber-like particles accounted for 90% total. Transparent particles were the most abundant, followed by blue and black. Particles < 1 mm were the most frequent. Notebly, 100% cotton was the most detected material in the HNW, while rayon, cellulose and polyester accounted for 46% of the total. The abundance of particles in powdery HNW increased significantly, with a higher percentage of < 1 mm, similar type and colour to whole and sectioned HNW. It suggests that the large MPs may have been cut into smaller MPs during processing and bring more risk of MPs. It alerts us to the fact that pharmaceuticals and even commonly touched food products may pose a greater risk of MPs due to processing.

Soybeans provide a nutritionally complete plant-based protein, containing all nine essential amino acids and bioactive compounds. The food safety of a novel triple-stacked genetically modified (GM) soybean, DBN9004×DBN8002×DBN8205 was evaluated in a 90-day rat feeding study. The GM soybean, developed through conventional hybridization of three GM lines (DBN9004, DBN8002 and DBN8205), incorporates genes conferring resistance to glyphosate (epsps), glufosinate (pat), and lepidopteran pests (cry1Ac, cry2Ab2, and mVip3Aa). One hundred Wistar Han RCC rats were divided into five groups (n=10/sex/group) and fed diets containing 15% or 30% GM soybean, non-GM soybean (Jack), or a basal diet for 90 days. No treatment-related effects on body weight/gain, food consumption/utilization, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmology, clinical pathology (hematology, prothrombin time, urinalysis, serum chemistry), organ weights, and gross and microscopic pathology were observed in rats fed with the GM soybean compared to the non-GM Jack and the basal-diet group. In rats, the results of this 90-day feeding study suggest that there were no significant differences in safety between GM soybean DBN9004×DBN8002×DBN8205 compared to the non-GM Jack.

This study evaluates the bioavailability, developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, and estrogenic effects (EA) of resveratrol nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by Tween 80 and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) using chicken embryonic models. Tween NPs exhibited smaller sizes (93.18 nm), and more homogeneous distribution compared to CMCS NPs (267.92 nm). Resveratrol-loaded CMCS NPs achieved a peak serum concentration (Cmax) of 0.462 μg/mL at 60 minutes, while Tween NPs showed lower bioavailability (Cmax = 0.16 μg/mL). CMCS NPs induced a higher mortality (45.0%) at 760 μg/kg compared to Tween NPs (25.0%) and resveratrol (0%). Without loaded with resveratrol, Tween Empty NPs and CMCS Empty NPs showed higher mortality (51.5% and 60.7%, respectively). As capping agents, Tween 80 showed minimal mortality but induced malformation of 15.8% at higher dose. CMCS increased mortality (30%) and malformation (10%) at 10 mg/kg. Empty NPs induced higher lipoperoxidation and DNA damage than resveratrol-loaded NPs. Tween Empty NPs significantly elevated DNA damage (p < 0.0001), while CMCS Empty NPs exhibited no genotoxic effects. Estrogen-responsive apolipoprotein II (ApoII) gene expression was significantly upregulated in the Tween Empty group (9.51 ± 3.27-fold), indicating potential EA of the nanocarrier. These findings highlight both the NPs and nanocarriers must be evaluated in safety of nano-formulations.