Boys vs men differences in muscular fatigue, muscle and cerebral oxygenation during maximal effort isometric contractions: the effect of muscle blood flow restriction.

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PHYSIOLOGY European Journal of Applied Physiology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-29 DOI:10.1007/s00421-024-05670-5

Leonidas Kastritseas, Aggelos Koutlas, Anastasios Kounoupis, Stella Kritikou, Stavros Papadopoulos, Ilias Smilios, Konstantina Dipla, Andreas Zafeiridis

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Abstract

Purpose: To examine whether the children's superiority, over adults, to resist fatigue during repeated maximal-efforts depends on their often-cited oxidative advantage, attributed to greater muscle blood flow and O₂-delivery. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying child-adult differences in muscle-oxygenation (due to O₂-supply or O₂-utilization) and examined if there are age-differences in cerebral-oxygenation response (a brain-activation index).

Methods: Eleven men (23.3 ± 1.8yrs) and eleven boys (11.6 ± 1.1 yrs) performed 15 maximal-effort handgrips (3-s contraction/3-s rest) under two conditions: free-flow circulation (FF) and arterial-occlusion (OCC). Force, muscle-oxygenation (TSImuscle) and cerebral-oxygenation (oxyhemoglobin-O₂Hbcerebral; total hemoglobin-tHbcerebral; deoxyhemoglobin-HHbcerebral) were assessed.

Results: In boys, force declined less (- 26.3 ± 2.6 vs. - 34.4 ± 2.4%) and at slower rate (- 1.56 ± 0.16 vs. - 2.24 ± 0.17%·rep^-1) vs. men in FF (p < 0.01-0.05; d = 0.60-1.24). However, in OCC there were no age-differences in the magnitude (- 38.3 ± 3.0 vs. - 37.8 ± 3.0%) and rate (- 2.44 ± 0.26 vs. - 2.54 ± 0.26%·rep^-1) of force decline. Boys compared to men, exhibited less TSImuscle decline in both protocols, and lower muscle VO₂ (p < 0.05). Boys, also, presented a smaller O₂Hbcerebral and tHbcerebral rise than men in FF; exercising with OCC increased the O₂Hbcerebral and tHbcerebral response in boys. Using MVIC as a covariate in FF condition, abolished boys-men differences in force and TSImuscle decline and O₂Hbcerebral rise.

Conclusion: During repeated maximal-efforts: (i) blood flow is a significant contributor to children's superiority over adults to resist fatigue; (ii) age-difference in muscle hypoxia/deoxygenation is rather attributed to men's greater metabolic demand than to lower muscle-perfusion; and (iii) cerebral oxygenation/blood volume increase more in men than boys under free circulation, implying greater brain activation.

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男孩与男性在最大努力等长收缩时肌肉疲劳、肌肉和脑氧合的差异：肌肉血流限制的影响。

目的：研究儿童在重复的最大努力中抵抗疲劳的优势是否取决于他们经常被引用的氧化优势，归因于更大的肌肉血流量和o2输送。我们还研究了儿童-成人肌肉氧合差异的机制（由于o2供应或o2利用），并检查了脑氧合反应（脑激活指数）是否存在年龄差异。方法：11名男性（23.3±1.8岁）和11名男孩（11.6±1.1岁）在自由血流循环（FF）和动脉闭塞（OCC）两种情况下进行15次最大用力握力（3-s收缩/3-s休息）。力、肌肉氧合（TSImuscle）和脑氧合(氧合血红蛋白o2hbcerebral；总hemoglobin-tHbcerebral;脱氧血红蛋白（hhbbrain）。结果：与男性相比，男孩的力下降幅度更小（- 26.3±2.6比- 34.4±2.4%），下降速度更慢（- 1.56±0.16比- 2.24±0.17%·rep-1）（p -1）。与男性相比，男孩在两种治疗方案中表现出更少的tsimmuscle下降，肌肉VO2 （p 2Hbcerebral和tHbcerebral上升）低于男性；OCC运动增加了男孩的o2hbbrain和thbbrain反应。使用MVIC作为FF条件下的协变量，消除了男孩-男性在力量和tsimmuscle下降和O2Hbcerebral上升方面的差异。结论：在重复最大努力过程中：(1)血流是儿童抗疲劳能力优于成人的重要因素；（ii）肌肉缺氧/脱氧的年龄差异更大程度上归因于男性更大的代谢需求，而不是更低的肌肉灌注；（iii）在自由循环下，男性的脑氧合/血容量比男孩增加更多，这意味着更大的大脑激活。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Applied Physiology 医学-生理学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

227

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Applied Physiology (EJAP) aims to promote mechanistic advances in human integrative and translational physiology. Physiology is viewed broadly, having overlapping context with related disciplines such as biomechanics, biochemistry, endocrinology, ergonomics, immunology, motor control, and nutrition. EJAP welcomes studies dealing with physical exercise, training and performance. Studies addressing physiological mechanisms are preferred over descriptive studies. Papers dealing with animal models or pathophysiological conditions are not excluded from consideration, but must be clearly relevant to human physiology.