New weapons explosive exhibits persistent toxicity in plants

Abstract

Explosives are widespread, toxic and persistent environmental pollutants. 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is being phased in to replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in munitions. Here we demonstrate that only low levels of DNAN are detoxified in Arabidopsis, leaving it to remain as a substrate for monodehydroascorbate reductase 6 mediated chronic phytotoxicity. Enhancing the potential for environmental toxicity, DNAN is readily transported to the aerial tissues exposing this toxin to herbivores and the wider food chain. This study reports the mechanism of phytotoxicity by the explosive 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) that is being phased in to replace TNT in munitions. Only low levels of DNAN are detoxified by plants, causing chronic toxicity and potential exposure to herbivores.