Prioritizing the effects of sustainable development of reviving the qanat in Fariman-Torbat Jam plain- The Eastern of Iran

Abstract

Qanat is an indigenous technology that has played a fundamental role in the expansion of cities and rural throughout arid and semi-arid regions. Severe drought and increased water demand in recent decades have led to excessive water extraction through wells rather than qanat, thereby disrupting the country's environmental, economic, and social sustainability. This study identified thirteen economic, nine social, and eight environmental components that appear from the revival of qanats. These components were identified based on prevailing conditions in the study area, expert interviews, and prior research, and were subsequently prioritized using the Entropy-WASPAS method. The results indicate that improving the quantity of water resources, the participation of people, and improving the income of the residents of the area are the most critical and anticipated outcomes of the qanat revival in the studied area. Indeed, reviving the qanats in the plain is a significant step toward achieving sustainable development, as it not only maintains ecological balance but also strengthens socio-economic resilience by boosting income and fostering greater participation of people. Finally, suggestions were provided to expedite the revival of the Fariman-Torbat Jam qanats, including forming associations and unions to enhance social interaction, providing low-interest loans for users, and encouraging private sector involvement in qanat revival initiatives.