Deciphering the mechanical strengthening mechanism: Soft metal doping in ceramic matrices-A case study of TiN-Ag films

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Materials & Design Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113489

Jing Luan , Fanlin Kong , Junhua Xu , Filipe Fernandes , Manuel Evaristo , Songtao Dong , Albano Cavaleiro , Hongbo Ju

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Abstract

Soft metals have been widely added into ceramic-based films for fully meeting the demanding requirements of green tribological applications. However, the resulting considerable increase of the mechanical strength by adding a soft metal below 5 at.%, which reversed the rule-of-mixture, was still not fully revealed. In this paper, a case study of TiN-Ag films was carried out to investigate the strengthening mechanism induced by adding soft metal in TiN-Ag composite/multilayered films deposited by magnetron sputtering. The results showed that dual-phases of fcc-TiN and fcc-Ag co-existed in the composite films with the Ag particles embedded in the matrix. In some areas of the Ag particles, with a size below 4 nm, epitaxial growth with the TiN template was detected, which obliged the lattice to be distorted and shrunken. Consequently, both hardness and elastic modulus were enhanced from 21 and 236 GPa, for the reference TiN film, to 26 and 323 GPa for the TiN-Ag composite film with 2.4 at.% Ag. The possibility of having the epitaxial growth of Ag within TiN were also confirmed by designing a TiN/Ag multilayered film with an Ag layer thickness of ∼3 nm.

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陶瓷基体中软金属掺杂的机械强化机制解读——以TiN-Ag薄膜为例

软金属已被广泛地添加到陶瓷基薄膜中，以充分满足绿色摩擦学应用的要求。然而，通过添加低于5 at的软金属，机械强度得到了相当大的提高。%，它推翻了混合规则，仍然没有完全揭示。本文以磁控溅射法制备TiN-Ag复合膜为例，研究了在TiN-Ag复合膜/多层膜中添加软金属的强化机理。结果表明：复合膜中存在fcc-TiN和fcc-Ag双相并存，Ag颗粒嵌入基体；在尺寸小于4 nm的Ag颗粒的某些区域，检测到TiN模板外延生长，导致晶格扭曲和收缩。因此，TiN- ag复合膜的硬度和弹性模量从参考TiN膜的21和236 GPa提高到2.4 at的26和323 GPa。% Ag)。通过设计一个银层厚度为~ 3nm的TiN/Ag多层薄膜，也证实了在TiN内外延生长Ag的可能性。

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来源期刊

Materials & Design Engineering-Mechanical Engineering

CiteScore

14.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

1028

审稿时长

85 days

期刊介绍： Materials and Design is a multi-disciplinary journal that publishes original research reports, review articles, and express communications. The journal focuses on studying the structure and properties of inorganic and organic materials, advancements in synthesis, processing, characterization, and testing, the design of materials and engineering systems, and their applications in technology. It aims to bring together various aspects of materials science, engineering, physics, and chemistry. The journal explores themes ranging from materials to design and aims to reveal the connections between natural and artificial materials, as well as experiment and modeling. Manuscripts submitted to Materials and Design should contain elements of discovery and surprise, as they often contribute new insights into the architecture and function of matter.