Bioavailability assessment of the novel GSH-functionalized FeB nanoparticles via oxidative stress and trace element metabolism in vitro: promising tools for biomedical applications
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Abstract
Iron-based magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention in biomedical research, particularly for applications such as cancer detection and therapy, targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hyperthermia. This study focuses on the synthesis and glutathione (GSH) functionalization of iron boride (FeB) nanoparticles (NPs) for prospective biomedical use. The GSH-functionalized FeB NPs (FeB@GSH) demonstrated ferromagnetic behavior, with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 45.8 emu/g and low coercivity (Hc = 1000 Oe), indicating desirable magnetic properties for biomedical applications. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the FeB@GSH revealed well-dispersed nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 30 nm. Comprehensive nanotoxicity and biocompatibility assessments were performed using various healthy and cancer cell lines, including 293 T, HeLa, 3T3, MCF7, HCT116, and CFPAC-1. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted on FeB@GSH-treated cells over a dose range of 0–300 µg/mL during 24-h incubations. Results indicated no significant differences in cell viability between treated and untreated control groups, confirming the biocompatibility of FeB@GSH. Further nanotoxicity evaluations were carried out on 3T3, 293 T, and CFPAC-1 cell lines, focusing on oxidative stress markers and cellular metabolism by measuring antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, ion release and mineral metabolism were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), revealing no notable variations between the treated and control groups. These findings suggest that FeB@GSH NPs exhibit excellent biocompatibility, making them promising candidates for diverse biomedical applications, including medical imaging, drug delivery systems, and therapeutic interventions.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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