Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasmataceae agents, Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas in armadillos and anteaters from Brazil

IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Acta tropica Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107477
Jovêncio Mateus Sada , Danilo Kluyber , Daniel Antônio Braga Lee , Ana Cláudia Calchi , Mario Henrique Alves , Dália Monique Ribeiro Machado , Karin Werther , Rosangela Zacarias Machado , Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez , Marcos Rogério André
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Abstract

Armadillos and anteaters exhibit a wide range of interactions with various pathogens and ectoparasites, which, along with their physiological and ecological characteristics, contribute to their potential as hosts for a broad variety of pathogens with zoonotic potential. However, there has been limited research into the occurrence and diversity of vector-borne agents in this group of mammals. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular identity of Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp. and hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in free-ranging armadillos and anteaters sampled in the southeast and central-west regions of Brazil. To this purpose, 167 biological samples (139 blood and 28 spleen) from Xenarthra mammals sampled in the states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul were analyzed: 48 from six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), 29 from giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus), 4 from nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), 1 from naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous unicinctus), 79 from giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and 6 from southern tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla). Screening PCR assays were performed for Ehrlichia spp. based on the dsb gene, nested PCR for Anaplasma spp. and PCR for hemotropic mycoplasmas based on the 16S rRNA gene, and qPCR for Bartonella spp. based on the 16-23S rRNA intergenic region (ITS). The positive samples were additionally subjected to PCR assays targeting different molecular markers for molecular characterization. As a result, 1/48 (0.59%) blood sample from E. sexcintus was positive for Anaplasma spp., and 1/79 (0.59%) blood sample from M. tridactyla was positive for Ehrlichia spp. The 16S rRNA sequence of Anaplasma sp. detected in E. sexcintus clustered within the same clade as 'Candidatus Anaplasma brasiliensis', previously detected in T. tetradactyla. The dsb sequence of Ehrlichia sp. detected in M. tridactyla clustered within the same clade as Ehrlichia minasensis. In the PCR tests for hemoplasmas, 31/46 (64.5%) E. sexcinctus, 9/29 (65.5%) P. maximus, 2/4 (50%) D. novemcinctus, 33/79 (41.7%) M. tridactyla, and 2/6 (33.3%) T. tetradactyla tested positive. The 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA sequences of hemoplasmas found in E. sexcinctus clustered within the same clade as 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematomaximus', which was previously detected in P. maximus in Brazil. High positivity rates were also observed for Bartonella spp., with 23/48 (47.9%) E. sexcinctus, 1/4 (25%) D. novemcinctus, 9/29 (31%) P. maximus, 21/79 (26.5%) M. tridactyla, and 3/6 (50%) T. tetradactyla showing positive results. The ftsZ sequences of Bartonella sp. detected in E. sexcinctus clustered with 'Candidatus Bartonella washoensis subsp. brasiliensis', previously identified in six-banded armadillos in Brazil. These findings reinforce the presence of 'Candidatus Anaplasma brasiliensis' and 'Candidatus Bartonella washoensis subsp. brasiliensis' in armadillos, and Ehrlichia minasensis in anteaters. This is the first report of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematomaximus’, a hemoplasma previously described in giant armadillos, in six-banded armadillos. The zoonotic potential and real significance of infection by these agents in xenarthrans’ health and conservation efforts are yet to be investigated.
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巴西犰狳和食蚁兽中无形体科病原体、巴尔通体和血浆的分子检测与鉴定。
犰狳和食蚁兽表现出与各种病原体和体外寄生虫的广泛相互作用,这与它们的生理和生态特性一起,有助于它们成为具有人畜共患潜力的各种病原体的宿主。然而,对这类哺乳动物中媒介传播媒介的发生和多样性的研究有限。本研究旨在调查巴西东南部和中西部地区自由放养的犰狳和食蚁兽中埃利希体、无形体、巴尔通体和嗜血支原体的发生情况和分子特征。为此,对圣保罗州和南马托格罗索州采集的167份异种哺乳动物生物样本(139份血液和28份脾脏)进行了分析:六带犰狳(Euphractus sexcinctus) 48份,巨型犰狳(Priodontes maximus) 29份,九带犰狳(Dasypus novemcintus) 4份,裸尾犰狳(Cabassous unicinctus) 1份,巨型食蚁兽(Myrmecophaga triactyla) 79份,南柽柳(Tamandua tetradactyla) 6份。采用基于dsb基因的埃利希氏体、基于16S rRNA基因的无形体和嗜血性支原体巢式PCR、基于16-23S rRNA基因间区(ITS)的巴尔通体qPCR进行筛选。阳性样品还进行了针对不同分子标记的PCR检测,以进行分子表征。结果显示,1/48(0.59%)的sexcintus血样中无原体spp阳性,1/79(0.59%)的trimactyla血样中埃利希体spp阳性。sexcintus无原体spp的16S rRNA序列与先前在tetradactyla中检测到的“Candidatus ananplasma brasiliensis”属于同一支系。在与米纳斯埃利希体属同一分支的三趾田鼠中检测到埃利希体的dsb序列。在血浆PCR检测中,雄性伊蚊31/46(64.5%)阳性,大鼠9/29(65.5%)阳性,新发伊蚊2/4(50%)阳性,三趾伊蚊33/79(41.7%)阳性,四趾伊蚊2/6(33.3%)阳性。在sexcinctus中发现的血浆16S rRNA和23S rRNA序列与先前在巴西p.a maximus中检测到的“Candidatus haematomaxus支原体”属于同一分支。巴尔通体的检出率也较高,其中雄性巴尔通体23/48(47.9%)、新巴尔通体1/4(25%)、大巴尔通体9/29(31%)、三甲巴尔通体21/79(26.5%)、四趾巴尔通体3/6(50%)呈阳性。sexcinctus Bartonella sp. ftsZ序列与候选巴尔通体washoensis subsp聚集在一起。先前在巴西的六带犰狳中发现的brasiliensis。这些发现强化了“巴西无原体候选菌”和“沃肖氏巴尔通体候选菌亚种”的存在。犰狳中有巴西氏体,食蚁兽中有米纳希氏体。这是在六带犰狳中首次报道的“候选血原体”,一种在巨型犰狳中发现的血浆。这些病原体感染的人畜共患潜力和实际意义在异种动物的健康和保护工作中还有待调查。
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来源期刊
Acta tropica
Acta tropica 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
11.10%
发文量
383
审稿时长
37 days
期刊介绍: Acta Tropica, is an international journal on infectious diseases that covers public health sciences and biomedical research with particular emphasis on topics relevant to human and animal health in the tropics and the subtropics.
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