Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Among Opencast Miners in Namibia with the Use of Electronic Dosimeters: A Feasibility Study.

IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Annals of Global Health Pub Date : 2024-11-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.5334/aogh.4490
Motsehoa Cynthia Ramotsehoa, Frederik Christoffel Eloff, Johannes Lodewykus du Plessis, Caradee Yael Wright, David Jean du Preez
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Abstract

Importance: The lack of information on exposure of opencast mineworkers to solar ultraviolet radiation, a group I carcinogen, was addressed. The feasibility of using electronic dosimeters in the determination of exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation was investigated. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of measuring the occupational exposure of opencast mineworkers to solar ultraviolet radiation using electronic dosimeters. Design: The study followed a cross‑sectional design. Setting: Measurements were carried out at two opencast diamond mining operations hereafter referred to as site A and B, located in the Karas region of Namibia. Participants: Workers from all four outdoor occupations (bedrock, engineering, metallurgy and security) were recruited to participate in the study. Measurements: The study was conducted over four days at each site during winter (site A: 28 June to 4 July 2018 and site B: 6-11 July 2018) in the Karas region of Namibia with 28 consenting workers taking part. The AlGaN photodiode‑based electronic dosimeters were worn above clothing on the dorsal wrists (one) and two placed on the horizontal, unshaded area from 08:00 to 16:00 for the measurement of personal and ambient solar ultraviolet radiation, respectively. Historical meteorological data for the measurement period were obtained from Solcast and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NASA. Results: Overall, clear skies and surface reflectivity of 0.19 were observed for both study sites. The mean ultraviolet indices were 2.43 (0.06-4.51) and 2.24 (0.09-4.88) for site A and B, respectively. Findings of valid measurements from nine participants showed the mean total daily personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure of 1.9 ± 1.0 (1.01-1.57) standard erythemal dose (SED) for site A and 3.4 ± 2.6 (3.39-7.28) SED for site B. Conclusions and Relevance: Personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure above the occupational exposure limit (OEL) demonstrated the need to include the winter season in planning for protective measures for skin and eyes, since workers are at risk of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation.

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使用电子剂量计对纳米比亚露天矿矿工的太阳紫外线辐射照射:可行性研究。
重要性:讨论了缺乏关于露天矿工暴露于太阳紫外线辐射(一类致癌物)的信息。探讨了用电子剂量计测定太阳紫外线照射量的可行性。目的:探讨利用电子剂量仪测量露天矿工人太阳紫外线职业性照射量的可行性。设计:本研究采用横断面设计。背景:测量是在位于纳米比亚卡拉斯地区的两个露天钻石开采作业(以下称为A和B场址)进行的。参与者:所有四种户外职业(基岩、工程、冶金和安全)的工人都被招募参加了这项研究。测量:该研究于冬季在纳米比亚卡拉斯地区的每个地点(地点A: 2018年6月28日至7月4日,地点B: 2018年7月6日至11日)进行了为期四天的研究,共有28名同意的工作人员参加。基于AlGaN光电二极管的电子剂量计于08:00 - 16:00佩戴于衣服上方手腕背侧(一个),两个放置于水平无阴影区域,分别测量个人和环境太阳紫外线辐射。测量期间的历史气象数据来自美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的Solcast和Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)。结果:总体而言,两个研究地点的天空晴朗,地表反射率为0.19。A点和B点的平均紫外线指数分别为2.43(0.06 ~ 4.51)和2.24(0.09 ~ 4.88)。9名参与者的有效测量结果显示,A部位的平均每日个人太阳紫外线照射总量为1.9±1.0(1.01-1.57)标准红斑剂量(SED), b部位为3.4±2.6(3.39-7.28)标准红斑剂量(SED)。超过职业暴露限值的个人太阳紫外线暴露表明,有必要将冬季纳入皮肤和眼睛保护措施的规划,因为工人有过度暴露于太阳紫外线辐射的风险。
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来源期刊
Annals of Global Health
Annals of Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.40%
发文量
95
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: ANNALS OF GLOBAL HEALTH is a peer-reviewed, open access journal focused on global health. The journal’s mission is to advance and disseminate knowledge of global health. Its goals are improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity and promote wise stewardship of the earth’s environment. The journal is published by the Boston College Global Public Health Program. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health.
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