[Current situations and future issues surrounding rabies in Japan and other countries].

Uirusu Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2222/jsv.74.1
Naoto Ito, Akira Nishizono
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Abstract

Rabies is a viral infectious disease affecting the central nervous system that is generally transmitted from mammals such as dogs. This disease is characterized by a long incubation period (a few months on average) and a high mortality rate of almost 100%. While there are highly effective rabies vaccines, no reliable treatment has been established to date. In Japan, the disease was successfully eradicated in 1957 as a result of exhaustive control measures including vaccination of dogs in accordance with the Rabies Prevention Law. Since then, Japan has continued to take rabies control measures based on this law, which are stricter than international standards. On the other hand, there have been a total of four imported human rabies cases found in Japan. The fourth imported case confirmed in Toyohashi City in May 2020 is still fresh in our minds. In April 2022, special measures were taken to quarantine dogs brought by evacuees from Ukraine to Japan, and many people expressed concern about the introduction of rabies into Japan. More recently, in February 2024, a dog that bit several people in Gunma Prefecture did not receive the shots required by the Rabies Prevention Law, and there was strong concern about rabies and the risk of its occurrence. In this article, we focus on rabies, which has recently attracted a great deal of attention, and describe the nature of this infectious disease. We also outline the current situations of rabies control and medical care in Japan and other countries and discuss the future issues.

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[日本和其他国家狂犬病的现状和未来问题]。
狂犬病是一种影响中枢神经系统的病毒性传染病,通常由狗等哺乳动物传播。这种疾病的特点是潜伏期长(平均几个月),死亡率高,几乎为100%。虽然有非常有效的狂犬病疫苗,但迄今为止还没有确定可靠的治疗方法。在日本,由于采取了彻底的控制措施,包括根据《狂犬病防治法》给狗接种疫苗,这种疾病于1957年成功根除。此后,日本一直根据该法律采取比国际标准更严格的狂犬病控制措施。另一方面,日本共发现四宗输入性人类狂犬病个案。2020年5月在丰桥市确诊的第四例输入性病例仍然历历在目。2022年4月,日本采取了特别措施,对从乌克兰撤离到日本的人带来的狗进行检疫,许多人对狂犬病传入日本表示担忧。最近,在2024年2月,群马县的一只狗咬伤了几个人,但没有按照《狂犬病防治法》的要求接种疫苗,人们对狂犬病及其发生的风险表示强烈关注。本文以近年来引起广泛关注的狂犬病为研究对象,阐述了狂犬病的性质。我们还概述了日本和其他国家狂犬病控制和医疗的现状,并讨论了未来的问题。
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[Analysis of RNA virus pathogenicity and development of novel prevention methods.] [Current situations and future issues surrounding rabies in Japan and other countries]. [Data-Driven Research for Understanding and Predicting Viral Epidemics and Evolution]. [Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants using mini-gut organoids]. [Control of infectious virus shedding through mucosal antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 infection].
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