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Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.45
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引用次数: 0
[Integrase and reversetranscriptase: New insights into the HIV genome replication system in line.] [整合酶和逆转录酶：对艾滋病毒基因组复制系统的新认识]
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.139
Takao Masuda, Gota Kawai

Reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) are retrovirus enzymes to convert virus genomic RNA into provirus DNA state in host cells. The RT and IN encoded tandemly in the pol gene, are translated as a fused form and incorporated into the virus particles. Recently, we discovered the potential role of HIV-1 IN to regulate the reverse transcription through the fused state with RT (RT-IN). On the other hand, analysis of HIV-1 transcripts have revealed the variations in number of guanine residue at the 5' end (5'G) due to fluctuations in the transcription initiation point within HIV-1 provirus DNA. Importantly, the number of 5'G dictates the packaging of HIV genome RNA into virus particles serving as a template for the reverse transcription reaction. In this review, we provide new insights into the mechanism of HIV genome replication based on our recent findings of the structural-functional correlation of HIV enzymes (RT and IN) and virus genomic RNA.

逆转录酶（RT）和整合酶（IN）是逆转录病毒的酶，可将病毒基因组 RNA 转化为宿主细胞中的前病毒 DNA 状态。反转录酶和整合酶在 pol 基因中串联编码，以融合的形式翻译并整合到病毒颗粒中。最近，我们发现了 HIV-1 IN 通过与 RT 的融合状态（RT-IN）调节逆转录的潜在作用。另一方面，对 HIV-1 转录本的分析表明，由于 HIV-1 前病毒 DNA 中转录起始点的波动，5'端鸟嘌呤残基（5'G）的数量也会发生变化。重要的是，5'G 的数量决定了将 HIV 基因组 RNA 包装成病毒颗粒，作为反转录反应的模板。在这篇综述中，我们根据最近对 HIV 酶（RT 和 IN）与病毒基因组 RNA 的结构-功能相关性的研究结果，对 HIV 基因组复制的机制提出了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
[Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2]. [针对 SARS-CoV-2 的中和抗体]。
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.153
Saya Moriyama

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that infects humans and causes respiratory symptoms, resulting in a global pandemic since its appearance in 2019. Neutralizing antibody production is an important immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a great deal of research has been performed regarding the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 is constantly changing and multiple amino acid reconstitutions accumulated in the spike protein enabled viruses to escape from immune responses, especially from neutralizing antibodies. In this review, the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of escape variants, and the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies will be introduced.

严重急性呼吸系统综合征（SARS）冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种新型冠状病毒，可感染人类并引起呼吸道症状，自 2019 年出现以来已导致全球大流行。中和抗体的产生是 SARS-CoV-2 感染后的一种重要免疫反应，针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的免疫反应已经开展了大量研究。然而，SARS-CoV-2 在不断变化，尖峰蛋白中积累的多个氨基酸重组使病毒能够逃避免疫反应，尤其是中和抗体。本综述将介绍对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗体反应、逃逸变体的出现以及广谱中和抗体的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.167
Tomotaka Okamura, Yasuhiro Yasutomi
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引用次数: 0
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.67
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引用次数: 0
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.83
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引用次数: 0
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.49
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引用次数: 0
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.71
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引用次数: 0
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.79
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引用次数: 0
[Research on tick-borne bunyaviruses]. [蜱传布尼亚病毒研究]。
Uirusu
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.73.105
Keita Matsuno

Since the identification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and its pathogen, a tick-borne bunyavirus, SFTS virus, there has been increasing interest in emerging viral infections caused by previously unknown viruses in ticks. This study aims to develop a comprehensive detection method for tick-borne bunyaviruses, conduct genetic analysis, isolate the detected viruses, and perform biological characterization. Through these studies, novel tick-borne bunyaviruses that have caused or may cause emerging infectious diseases were discovered. Tick-borne infections often occur sporadically, making their occurrence difficult to recognize. Therefore, continuous exploration of viruses in ticks and assessment of their potential risks causing human and animal diseases is required.

自从发现严重发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）及其病原体--蜱传布尼亚病毒（SFTS virus）以来，人们对蜱中以前未知的病毒所引起的新病毒感染越来越感兴趣。本研究旨在开发蜱传布尼亚病毒的综合检测方法，进行遗传分析，分离检测到的病毒，并进行生物学特征鉴定。通过这些研究，发现了新型蜱媒布尼病毒，它们已经或可能导致新出现的传染病。蜱传传染病往往是偶发的，因此很难识别其发生。因此，需要不断探索蜱中的病毒，并评估其引发人类和动物疾病的潜在风险。
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引用次数: 0
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