Numerical Evaluation for Influence of Ca Treatment and Slag Composition on Compositional Changes in Non-metallic Inclusion Using Coupled Reaction Model for Ladle Treatment
{"title":"Numerical Evaluation for Influence of Ca Treatment and Slag Composition on Compositional Changes in Non-metallic Inclusion Using Coupled Reaction Model for Ladle Treatment","authors":"Jeong-In Kim, Sun-Joong Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01833-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonmetallic inclusions significantly affect the final quality of steel production. Mg-Al spinel inclusions, which are known for their high deformability, are particularly detrimental. Thus, controlling these favorable liquidus inclusions, such as Ca-Al inclusions, is crucial. The evolution of Ca-Al inclusions is primarily driven by the [Ca] source in molten steel, which is supplied by slag or the addition of Ca to the molten steel. Inclusions exhibit three physical behaviors: flotation into the slag, entrapment from the slag, and agglomeration within each inclusion. A numerical model grounded in a coupled reaction model was established to investigate these inclusion behaviors, with a focus on the evolution of the Ca-Al system inclusions. These findings indicate that the [Ca] concentration in molten steel drives the evolution of Ca-Al inclusions, but the rate of evolution is limited by the mass transfer rate of the Ca source into the inclusion. Moreover, slag composition, particularly the higher basicity and slags enriched with Ca sources, such as CaF<sub>2</sub>, significantly influence the inclusion composition, reaching a composition closer to the liquid phase. Additionally, it was found that the physical behavior of inclusions, particularly entrapment from slag, plays a crucial role in controlling the inclusion composition. This study further discusses methods for controlling the liquidus composition of inclusions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 12","pages":"3523 - 3536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metals and Materials International","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12540-024-01833-3","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Nonmetallic inclusions significantly affect the final quality of steel production. Mg-Al spinel inclusions, which are known for their high deformability, are particularly detrimental. Thus, controlling these favorable liquidus inclusions, such as Ca-Al inclusions, is crucial. The evolution of Ca-Al inclusions is primarily driven by the [Ca] source in molten steel, which is supplied by slag or the addition of Ca to the molten steel. Inclusions exhibit three physical behaviors: flotation into the slag, entrapment from the slag, and agglomeration within each inclusion. A numerical model grounded in a coupled reaction model was established to investigate these inclusion behaviors, with a focus on the evolution of the Ca-Al system inclusions. These findings indicate that the [Ca] concentration in molten steel drives the evolution of Ca-Al inclusions, but the rate of evolution is limited by the mass transfer rate of the Ca source into the inclusion. Moreover, slag composition, particularly the higher basicity and slags enriched with Ca sources, such as CaF2, significantly influence the inclusion composition, reaching a composition closer to the liquid phase. Additionally, it was found that the physical behavior of inclusions, particularly entrapment from slag, plays a crucial role in controlling the inclusion composition. This study further discusses methods for controlling the liquidus composition of inclusions.
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Metals and Materials International publishes original papers and occasional critical reviews on all aspects of research and technology in materials engineering: physical metallurgy, materials science, and processing of metals and other materials. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationships among the processing, structure and properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical) of materials. Aspects of processing include the melting, casting, and fabrication with the thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling.
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