Shiyu Li , Shuhong Wang , Zhonghua Zhao , Natalia Telyatnikova , Marinichev Maxim
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Increasing the soil erosion resistance is one of the core issues in slope erosion control and ecological environmental restoration of open-pit coal mine (OPCM) dumps. In this study, fly ash (FA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were used to improve the soil quality of an OPCM dump, and an indoor physical model was constructed to investigate the water and soil loss characteristics of the improved soil via simulated rainfall experiments. Scanning electron microscopy and Pore and Crack Analysis System software were employed to systematically investigate the erosion resistance mechanisms of the improved soil qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, the improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was adopted to evaluate the reclamation potential of the improved soil. The results revealed that under the action of PAM (PAM and PAM–FA), the average erosion rate of the slope decreased by more than 90 %. Compared with that in the control group, when FA was applied alone, the slope erosion rate first decreased and then increased with increasing FA content. Upon PAM addition, the erosion pattern changed from the splash erosion stage, cave erosion stage, gully erosion stage, and tensile slip stage to the splash erosion stage and cave erosion stage. However, no obvious change in the runoff pattern. Erosion and runoff patterns are generally affected by the amendment type, addition concentration, porosity, pore shape, pore direction and hydrological environment. The erosion resistance mechanism of the improved soil entailed the formation of more stable soil aggregates via filling, cementation, skeleton support generation, and flocculation of FA and PAM. In addition, the optimal soil improvement was achieved when FA and PAM were added at levels of 16 % and 0.01 %, respectively. The obtained research results could be used for erosion control and ecological environmental protection of coarse-grained soil slopes in mining areas, highways and other fields and could be widely applied.
提高土壤抗侵蚀能力是露天煤矿排土场坡面侵蚀治理和生态环境修复的核心问题之一。本研究采用粉煤灰（FA）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对某OPCM排土场土壤进行改良，并建立室内物理模型，通过模拟降雨试验研究改良后土壤的水土流失特征。采用扫描电镜和孔裂分析系统软件对改良土的抗侵蚀机理进行了定性和定量的系统研究。最后，采用改进的TOPSIS法（order preference by similarity to a ideal solution）评价改良土壤的复垦潜力。结果表明，在PAM （PAM和PAM - fa）的作用下，坡面平均侵蚀速率降低90%以上。与对照组相比，单独施用FA时，随着FA含量的增加，坡面侵蚀率先降低后升高。添加PAM后，侵蚀模式由溅蚀阶段、洞蚀阶段、沟蚀阶段、张滑阶段转变为溅蚀阶段和洞蚀阶段。径流格局变化不明显。侵蚀和径流模式一般受修正类型、添加浓度、孔隙度、孔隙形状、孔隙方向和水文环境的影响。改良土壤的抗侵蚀机制是通过FA和PAM的填充、胶结、骨架支撑和絮凝作用形成更稳定的土壤团聚体。此外，FA和PAM添加量分别为16%和0.01%时，土壤改良效果最佳。所获得的研究成果可用于矿区、高速公路等领域粗粒土边坡的侵蚀治理和生态环境保护，具有广泛的应用前景。
期刊介绍：
Engineering Geology, an international interdisciplinary journal, serves as a bridge between earth sciences and engineering, focusing on geological and geotechnical engineering. It welcomes studies with relevance to engineering, environmental concerns, and safety, catering to engineering geologists with backgrounds in geology or civil/mining engineering. Topics include applied geomorphology, structural geology, geophysics, geochemistry, environmental geology, hydrogeology, land use planning, natural hazards, remote sensing, soil and rock mechanics, and applied geotechnical engineering. The journal provides a platform for research at the intersection of geology and engineering disciplines.
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