The impact of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma on breast implant surgery: A European survey-based study

Abstract

Background

Over the 27 years following the first report of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), significant changes have been made in breast implant surgery trends. This study aimed to determine breast implant selection changes among European plastic surgeons.

Methods

The European Association of Plastic Surgeons (EURAPS) promoted a digital survey to 31 national plastic surgery societies across Europe, which spread it to their members. The survey included 37 questions covering demographics, BIA-ALCL perception, current clinical practices, implant selection considerations, and satisfaction with information from health authorities and scientific societies. Anonymous responses were collected from February to April 2024.

Results

A total of 904 surgeons from 33 countries participated, 41.5% reported that BIA-ALCL concerns affected patient decisions. Awareness of BIA-ALCL was high (97.2%), with more than 85% approving the quality of information from European scientific societies. The awareness influenced implant texture preferences in both aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery (p<0.001), in the first with a notable drop in the use of macrotextured implants from 32.6% to 1.8%, while the use of smooth implants (ISO 14607:2018) increased from 11.3% to 44.6%. Similar trends were observed in reconstructive surgery regarding implant texture, but 33.1% of surgeons considered performing autologous reconstruction more often than using implants. Surgeons who encountered BIA-ALCL were more prone to using smooth implants. The recognized causal relationship between implant texture and BIA-ALCL is the main explanation to these changes.

Conclusion

Efforts in BIA-ALCL education have heightened surgeons’ awareness, improved patient communication, and influenced clinical practices toward safer choices.