Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Young Adults.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for early onset of coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess the preoperative presentation, perioperative course, survival, and short-term complications after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients aged 45 years or younger undergoing CABG.

Study design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2020 to January 2021.

Methodology: All patients aged 45 years or younger who were undergoing CABG were included in the study. Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Study variables included preoperative demographic information, intraoperative variables including the number and type of conduits used, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Descriptive analysis was reported for all variables.

Results: The study population cohort included 134 patients, of whom 120 (89.6%) were male, with a mean age of 38.6 ± 5.1 years (range: 30-45 years). The indication for surgery was 3-vessel CAD in 56 (41.7%) patients. A total of 421 grafts were constructed, with a mean of 3.14 grafts per patient. One patient died in the hospital with an overall operative mortality of 1.5%. The most common risk factors were found to be family history, the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking.

Conclusion: The risk factors and outcomes in younger patients (less than 45 years) undergoing CABG are not markedly different from those in older patients and are comparable to the existing literature.

Key words: Coronary artery disease, Coronary artery bypass graft, Young adults, Risk factors, Three vessel disease.