Investigation of the relationships between peri-implant diseases, periodontal diseases, and conditions: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Introduction: Peri-implant and periodontal conditions share common underlying factors, including risk factors, microbiology, immunology, and treatment approaches.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the potential co-occurrence of peri-implant and periodontal conditions.

Design: One hundred twenty-three implants were divided into three groups: peri-implantitis (41 implants), peri-implant mucositis (41 implants), and peri-implant health (41 implants). Peri-implant and periodontal statuses were assessed using the 2017 AAP/EFP World Workshop on Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions. All measurements were performed by a single clinician (T.Ş.). One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the study groups according to the data. An assessment was conducted regarding the coexistence of periodontal and peri-implant conditions.

Results: Patients with peri-implant mucositis predominantly had gingivitis, whereas those with peri-implant health exhibited periodontal health. In contrast, patients with peri-implantitis mostly had gingivitis, with a lower occurrence of periodontitis. A significant difference was observed between the peri-implant and periodontal groups (p = 0.003). Significant differences were observed between peri-implant and periodontal evaluations for plaque indices, gingival indices, probing depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level (p = 0.001), (p = 0.006).

Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the intricate influence of implant treatment on periodontal health. This observation emphasizes the importance of elucidating the underlying factors to improve clinical management and outcomes in patients with periodontal and peri-implant diseases, highlighting the relevance and potential impact of this research in the field.