From lab coats to clinical trials: Evolution and application of electromagnetic fields for ischemic stroke rehabilitation and monitoring

IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Brain Research Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149391
Jasmina Isaković, Benjamin Daniel Chin , Moritz Oberwinter , Hannah Katarina Rance
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Abstract

Stroke is a neurovascular disorder which stands as one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, resulting in motor and cognitive impairment. Although the treatment approach depends on the time elapsed, the type of stroke and the availability of care centers, common interventions include thrombectomy or the administration of a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). While these methods restore blood flow, they fall short in helping patients regain lost function. With that, recent years have seen a rise in novel methods, one of which is the use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Due to their ability to impact the charges in their vicinity, thereby altering the immune response and cell signaling, EMFs became suitable candidates for stroke rehabilitation. Based on their characteristics, therapeutic EMFs can be categorized into transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), pulsed (PEMFs) and low frequency (LF-EMFs) electromagnetic fields, among others. In addition to treatment, EMFs are being explored for stroke monitoring, utilizing external EMFs for imaging or recording innate EMFs linked to neural activity. Drawing from research on the effects of EMFs, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the physical principles and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of EMFs, along with a discussion of their application in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Finally, this paper not only addresses the importance of treatment availability and potential side-effects, but also delves into the technical and ethical challenges associated with the use of EMFs, while exploring their prospects and future opportunities.

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从实验室到临床试验:电磁场在缺血性中风康复和监测中的演变和应用。
中风是一种神经血管疾病,是世界范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一,导致运动和认知障碍。虽然治疗方法取决于时间,中风类型和护理中心的可用性,但常见的干预措施包括血栓切除术或组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)的使用。虽然这些方法可以恢复血液流动,但在帮助患者恢复失去的功能方面却有不足之处。因此,近年来出现了许多新方法,其中之一就是使用电磁场(emf)。由于它们能够影响其附近的电荷,从而改变免疫反应和细胞信号传导,因此emf成为中风康复的合适人选。根据其特点,治疗性电磁场可分为经颅磁刺激(TMS)、经颅直流刺激(tDCS)、脉冲电磁场(pemf)和低频电磁场(LF-EMFs)等。除了治疗之外,人们还在探索利用外部电磁场进行中风监测,利用外部电磁场成像或记录与神经活动相关的先天电磁场。本文从对电磁场效应的研究出发,综述了电磁场作用的物理原理和分子机制,并讨论了电磁场在临床前研究和临床试验中的应用。最后,本文不仅讨论了治疗可用性和潜在副作用的重要性,还深入探讨了与使用电磁场相关的技术和伦理挑战,同时探索了其前景和未来的机会。
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来源期刊
Brain Research
Brain Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
3.40%
发文量
268
审稿时长
47 days
期刊介绍: An international multidisciplinary journal devoted to fundamental research in the brain sciences. Brain Research publishes papers reporting interdisciplinary investigations of nervous system structure and function that are of general interest to the international community of neuroscientists. As is evident from the journals name, its scope is broad, ranging from cellular and molecular studies through systems neuroscience, cognition and disease. Invited reviews are also published; suggestions for and inquiries about potential reviews are welcomed. With the appearance of the final issue of the 2011 subscription, Vol. 67/1-2 (24 June 2011), Brain Research Reviews has ceased publication as a distinct journal separate from Brain Research. Review articles accepted for Brain Research are now published in that journal.
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