Booster vaccination and post-COVID-19 condition during the Omicron variant-dominant wave: a large population-based study.

IF 10.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Clinical Microbiology and Infection Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2024.12.002

Arisa Iba, Mariko Hosozawa, Miyuki Hori, Yoko Muto, Tomomi Kihara, Isao Muraki, Rie Masuda, Nanako Tamiya, Hiroyasu Iso

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Abstract

Objectives: The effect of the COVID-19 booster vaccination and the long-term consequences concerning preventing post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of COVID-19 booster vaccination dose and vaccination timing before infection with the risk of PCC during the Omicron variant-dominant wave.

Methods: This population-based study included patients confirmed with COVID-19 (extracted from the Health Center Real-time Information-sharing System) aged 20-69 years, who were infected between 1 July and 31 August 2022. We used a self-report questionnaire to evaluate PCC and extracted information on vaccination from the municipal vaccine registry system. We calculated multiple propensity scores for COVID-19 vaccination status (unvaccinated, 1-2 doses and ≥3 doses) to control for baseline population differences. We then used a logistic regression model with inverse probability weighting to analyse the associations between the number of vaccine doses and the risk of PCC. Additionally, we conducted stratified analysis by gender and subgroup analysis for respiratory and neurological symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association between vaccination timing and PCC risk, adjusting for vaccination doses.

Results: Of the 7936 participants with COVID-19 (mean age 42.9 years, 4553 women), 940 (11.8%) had at least 1 PCC. Compared with people unvaccinated, those vaccinated ≥3 times before the infection had a lower probability of PCC with the OR of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.53-0.90), although we detected no association with one or two doses. This association was present in women (≥3 doses vs. unvaccinated OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.95) but not in men. Those vaccinated ≥3 times had fewer neurological symptoms compared with those unvaccinated (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.45-0.83); however, no significant association was found for respiratory symptoms.

Discussion: This study suggests that booster vaccination could lower the risk of PCC.

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在Omicron变异优势波期间加强疫苗接种和COVID-19后状况：一项基于人群的大型研究

目的：COVID-19加强疫苗接种的效果和预防COVID-19后病情（PCC）的长期后果尚不清楚。我们的目的是调查感染前COVID-19加强疫苗接种剂量和接种时间与Omicron变异优势波期间PCC风险的关系。方法：本研究以人群为基础，纳入了2022年7月1日至8月31日感染的20-69岁COVID-19确诊患者（从卫生中心实时信息共享系统中提取）。我们使用自我报告问卷来评估PCC，并从市疫苗登记系统中提取疫苗接种信息。我们计算了COVID-19疫苗接种状态（未接种、1-2剂、≥3剂）的多重倾向得分，以控制基线人群差异。然后，我们使用具有逆概率加权的逻辑回归模型来分析疫苗剂量数量与PCC风险之间的关联。此外，我们对呼吸系统和神经系统症状进行了性别分层分析和亚组分析。采用多变量logistic回归分析疫苗接种时间与PCC风险之间的关系，调整疫苗接种剂量。结果：在7936名COVID-19参与者（平均年龄42.9岁，4553名女性）中，940名（11.8%）至少有一种PCC。与未接种疫苗的人相比，感染前接种疫苗≥3次的人患PCC的概率较低，优势比（OR）为0.70(95%可信区间（CI） 0.53-0.90)，尽管我们未发现与一次或两次接种疫苗相关。这种关联在女性中存在（≥3剂vs.未接种OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-0.95），但在男性中不存在。与未接种疫苗的患者相比，接种疫苗≥3次的患者神经系统症状较少（OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.83）；然而，没有发现与呼吸道症状有显著关联。结论：本研究提示加强疫苗接种可降低PCC的风险。

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来源期刊

Clinical Microbiology and Infection 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

25.30

自引率

2.10%

发文量

441

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical Microbiology and Infection (CMI) is a monthly journal published by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. It focuses on peer-reviewed papers covering basic and applied research in microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology, immunology, and epidemiology as they relate to therapy and diagnostics.